Abstract: Provided is an encoder capable of achieving high position resolution without being finely divided, and capable of detecting a rotation angle or the like with high sensitivity. The encoder includes: rotary plate having a plurality of reflection structures repeatedly formed and code including light reflector; irradiator that irradiates the plurality of reflection structures with light; and light receiver that receives light reflected by the plurality of reflection structures. Each of the plurality of reflection structures has a surface in a convex shape, and each of the plurality of reflection structures has a width that is an integral multiple of a width of light reflector.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a polarizing lens that can form a uniform polarizing element on a curved surface of a lens base is provided. The polarizing lens is manufactured by the steps of: forming parallel grooves on a convex surface of a lens base by pressing the convex surface of the lens base onto a rotating surface of an elastic body and rotating the elastic body, the rotating surface having a length in a rotary shaft direction larger than a diameter of the lens base and holding abrasive grains; applying a polarizing dye on the convex surface of the lens base on which the parallel grooves have been formed; and fixing the polarizing dye to form a polarizing element on the convex surface of the lens base.

Abstract: An editing device including first and second decoders that decompress the compressed first and second high-definition television video data transferred by a computer; respectively, and edit processing unit for performing edit processing on the decompressed first high-definition television video data and the decompressed second high-definition television video data. A result of edit processing performed by the edit processing means is output. The compressed first high-definition television video data and the compressed second high-definition television video data are transferred in parallel from the computer to the first decoder and the second decoder, respectively.

Abstract: An editing method for producing edited images by connecting a first material image and a second material image in response to an external operation is adapted to conducting a transition effect producing process of passing from the first material image to the second material image and shifting the starting point of the transition effect producing process depending on the video format when conducting the transition effect producing process. With this arrangement, the editing method can prevent the starting point of a transition effect from being displaced when the video format is converted for the outcome of an editing operation involving a transition effect producing process.

Abstract: A computer transfers compressed first high-definition television video data and compressed second high-definition television video data. An editing device includes first and second decoders that decompress the compressed first and second high-definition television video data; respectively, and edit processing unit for performing edit processing on the decompressed first high-definition television video data and the decompressed second high-definition television video data. A result of edit processing performed by the edit processing means is output. The compressed first high-definition television video data and the compressed second high-definition television video data are transferred in parallel from the computer to the first decoder and the second decoder, respectively.

Abstract: In an image transformation system, an image formed by the inputted video signal is stored in a memory to be read out by the read address of a predetermined read address generating circuit, so that a predetermined image transformation is performed to the image, by merging the mirror processing upon the orthogonal coordinates and the mirror processing upon the polar coordinates. As a result, a transformation image that looks as if it is seen through a kaleidoscope can be obtained.

Abstract: An image data processing apparatus for adding a special effect to an input image data, which is provided with function data generating circuit for generating function data in accordance with positions of pixel data for each pixel data forming the image data, random number generating circuit for generating different random numbers for each pixel data, and output circuit for judging based on the function data and the random number data if the corresponding pixel data is valid data or invalid data, outputting the pixel data only when valid data.

Abstract: An image data processing apparatus for adding a special effect to an input image data, which is provided with function data generating means for generating function data in accordance with positions of pixel data for each pixel data forming the image data, random number generating means for generating different random numbers for each pixel data, and output means for judging based on the function data and the random number data if the corresponding pixel data is valid data or invalid data, outputting the pixel data only when valid data.

Abstract: In an image transformation apparatus for performing image transformation process to a video signal. A sequential read address is transformed based on the function of which a first differential coefficient reduces monotonously in a manner approaching "0" from "1", and the video signal is read out from a storing means by this transformed read address, so as to add an image collapsing effect to the video signal.

Abstract: A read address generator for generating read addresses for a read memory wherein input read addresses indicated using an orthogonal coordinate system is converted into equivalent addresses in a polar coordinate system; the polar coordinate system is divided into concentric blocks according to distances from the pole of the polar coordinate system; vectors having sequentially increasing or decreasing angles are set for the concentric block; coordinate values indicated by the vectors are converted into second equivalent coordinate values in the orthogonal coordinate system; and output read addresses are generated by subtracting the second coordinate values from the input read addresses indicated in said orthogonal coordinate system and are supplied to the video memory.

Abstract: In an image transformation apparatus, the image formed by an input video signal is stored into a memory, and the input video signal is read based on a read-address data of a predetermined read-address generator means, to execute a predetermined image transformation with respect to an image. The transformed image is formed by using a function in which a distance from the center of the transformed image is changeable corresponding to an angle from the center of that, so as to obtain the lens effect transforming the image into images having various curvilinearly shapes.

Abstract: In an image transformation apparatus for performing predetermined image transformation with respect to an image, the image formed by an input video signal is stored in a memory, and then the input video signal of the memory is read by a read address data of predetermined read address generating means, by adding a random number generator to the read address generating means, such a special effect that the image seems to burst can be obtained.

Abstract: In an image transforming apparatus for performing the predetermined image transform for the image, the image formed by input video signal is stored in a memory, and the input video signal in the memory is read out in accordance with the predetermined read address data of the read address generating means, so that the special effect as if the image bursts is obtained. The random number generator is added to the read address generating means, and the extension of image and the value of random numbers to be added are controlled based on the data corresponding to the angle for the center of effect, so that the burst effect as if the picture elements scatter separately can be obtained.

Abstract: A special effect generating apparatus having a plurality of processing units being connected each other, each of which includes a processing section for processing an input video signal according to a control signal, an identification signal generating section for generating an identification signal which identifies the processing unit or a condition of the processing unit, an adding section for adding the identification signal to a predetermined portion of an output video signal from the processing section, a detecting section for detecting the identification signal in an output video signal from an upstream processing section, and a monitoring section for monitoring a connecting status among the plurality of processing units or a condition of the processing units according to the identification signal detected by the detecting section.