Abstract: An end face of an intermediate layer of a multilayer structure is stably covered by surface resin layers at a time of cutting the multilayer structure. A cutting method of the multilayer structure includes the steps of: compressing and deforming the multilayer structure, while extending respective layers of the multilayer structure to provide a thin thickness portion, so that an upper layer bites into a lower layer by pushing a push cutter, by a predetermined amount, into the multilayer structure supported by a cutter receiving portion, in a fused state of at least one of the resin layers forming the multilayer structure; and push-cutting the compressed thin thickness portion S till the push cutter abuts against the cutter receiving portion so as to converge an intermediate layer and surface resin layers of the multilayer structure to the abutting portion A of the push cutter and the cutter receiving portion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing bisphenol A by reacting phenol with actone, wherein reaction is performed at higher temperatures while maintaining high selectivity, and thus high productivity is obtained. The invention relates to a cation-exchange resin, wherein a cation-exchange group is introduced into a syndiotactic polystyrene polymer and the amount of acid is 0.8 milliequivalent/g or more, to a catalyst comprising the cation-exchange resin, and to a process for producing bisphenol A using a cation-exchange resin catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ion-exchange resin catalyst, as a catalyst for preparing bisphenol from phenol compounds and ketone, which has a higher selectivity to bisphenol and a longer life time, as compared to a conventional ion-exchange resin, and a method for preparing the same. The present invention also provides a method for preparing bisphenol comprising reacting phenol compounds with ketone, wherein the modified acidic ion-exchange resin in which at least one kind of cationic compound selected from the following (a), (b), (c) and (d) ionically binds to an acidic functional group, is used as a catalyst: (a) a quaternary phosphonium ion, (b) a quaternary ammonium ion, (c) a bis(phosphoranylidene) ammonium ion, and (d) an N-substituted nitrogen-containing aromatic cation.

Abstract: An end face of an intermediate layer of a multilayer structure is stably covered by surface resin layers at a time of cutting the multilayer structure. A cutting method of the multilayer structure 10 includes the steps of: compressing and deforming the multilayer structure, while extending respective layers 11, 12, 13 of the multilayer structure to provide a thin thickness portion, so that an upper layer bites into a lower layer by pushing a push cutter 15, by a predetermined amount, into the multilayer structure supported by a cutter receiving portion 14, in a fused state of at least one of the resin layers forming the multilayer structure; and push-cutting the compressed thin thickness portion S till the push cutter abuts against the cutter receiving portion so as to converge an intermediate layer 11 and surface resin layers 12, 13 of the multilayer structure to the abutting portion A of the push cutter 15 and the cutter receiving portion 14.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process in which a ketone is directly reacted with an aromatic compound in a single reaction step to obtain the corresponding alkylated aromatic compound in a higher yield. By reacting an aromatic compound with a ketone and hydrogen in the presence of a solid acid substance and a catalyst composition containing Cu and Zn in a ratio of Zn to Cu ranging from 0.70 to 1.60 (atomic ratio), the corresponding alkylated aromatic compound is prepared.

Abstract: A process of producing olefins by a metathesis reaction in a practical low temperature range by improving the reactivity of the catalyst is provided. The process of producing olefins according to the present invention allows a metathesis reaction of olefins, which uses a catalyst containing metal elements such as tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium or the like, to proceed at an industrially sufficient reaction rate in a practical low temperature range, by using a compound containing at least one metal element selected from the metals of Group Ia (alkali metals), Group IIa (alkaline earth metals), Group IIb and Group IIIa as co-catalyst and allowing hydrogen gas to co-exist with the reaction raw material.

Abstract: In a process for producing olefins by a metathesis reaction comprising feeding an olefin gas to pass the olefin through a catalyst bed in the presence of hydrogen gas to convert the olefin into another kind of olefin, the catalyst bed having a catalyst including at least one metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium, niobium, tantalum and vanadium, and a co-catalyst including a basic compound having at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group Ia (alkali metals), Group IIa (alkaline earth metals), Group IIb and Group IIIa of the periodic table, the improvement lies in controlling the superficial velocity of the gas passing through the catalyst bed to 0.01 to 2.0 m/sec. According to the present invention, the presence of hydrogen gas dramatically increases the durability of the metathesis catalytic activity and the by-production of paraffins is suppressed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process in which a ketone is directly reacted with an aromatic compound in a single reaction step to obtain the corresponding alkylated aromatic compound in a higher yield. By reacting an aromatic compound with a ketone and hydrogen in the presence of a solid acid substance and a catalyst composition containing Cu and Zn in a ratio of Zn to Cu ranging from 0.70 to 1.60 (atomic ratio), the corresponding alkylated aromatic compound is prepared.

Abstract: The present invention provides an industrially practical process where a ketone and an aromatic compound are directly reacted to obtain a corresponding alkylated aromatic compound in a single reaction step. The process for producing an alkylated aromatic compound is characterized in that it comprises reacting an aromatic compound, a ketone and hydrogen in the presence of a solid acid substance and a catalyst composition comprising at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Co, Re, Ni and a platinum group metal.

Abstract: An end face of an intermediate layer of a multilayer structure is stably covered by surface resin layers at a time of cutting the multilayer structure. A cutting method of the multilayer structure includes the steps of: compressing and deforming the multilayer structure, while extending respective layers of the multilayer structure to provide a thin thickness portion, so that an upper layer bites into a lower layer by pushing a push cutter, by a predetermined amount, into the multilayer structure supported by a cutter receiving portion, in a fused state of at least one of the resin layers forming the multilayer structure; and push-cutting the compressed thin thickness portion S till the push cutter abuts against the cutter receiving portion so as to converge an intermediate layer and surface resin layers of the multilayer structure to the abutting portion A of the push cutter and the cutter receiving portion.

Abstract: A heating unit includes a plurality of radiant heaters, a plurality of brackets on which the radiant heaters are mounted in a row, and a frame on which the brackets are mounted in a parallel arrangement and thereby the radiant heaters are mounted in a grid configuration, wherein each of the radiant heaters includes: a support plate substantially having a rectangular shape; a pair of connection terminals substantially perpendicularly extending, while having a space therebetween, from one surface of the support plate; and a strip-shaped heater element arranged between the pair of connection terminals and covering the one surface of the support plate, and wherein the connection terminals have connection portions projecting from the other surface of the support plated, and each of the brackets has a terminal hole into which the connection portion is inserted.

Abstract: A heating apparatus includes a plurality of heating means that heat a heated object, a temperature measuring means that measures temperatures of some of the plurality of heating means, a heated object information storing means that stores, in a coordinate manner, heated object identification names, target heating temperatures at the heating means, and sets of heating ratios respectively assigned to the heating means, a heating information storage means that defines a relationship between temperatures during heating of the heating means up to the target heating temperatures and heating intensities at the temperatures, a heated object identification name obtaining means that obtains one of the heated object identification names, a heated object information reading-out means that reads out one of the target heating temperatures and one of the sets of heating ratios respectively assigned to the plurality of heating means, corresponding to the heated object identification name from the heated object information st

Abstract: Ethanol obtained from ordinary biomass resources contains many impurities other than water and these impurities themselves or their decomposition products contaminate ethylene when the ethylene is produced by a dehydration reaction, whereby the activity of metathesis catalyst is adversely affected. A method for producing propylene of the present invention is characterized in that the ethanol obtained from biomass is converted to ethylene by a dehydration reaction, the ethylene is separated from the generated water, the separated ethylene is purified by adsorption in an adsorption tower filled with an adsorbent, and then a metathesis reaction is carried out along with a raw material containing n-butene. With the present invention, propylene having biomass-derived carbon and reduced-environmental burden can be efficiently produced without lowering the catalysis activity.

Abstract: A heating unit includes a plurality of radiant heaters, a plurality of brackets on which the radiant heaters are mounted in a row, and a frame on which the brackets are mounted in a parallel arrangement and thereby the radiant heaters are mounted in a grid configuration, wherein each of the radiant heaters includes: a support plate substantially having a rectangular shape; a pair of connection terminals substantially perpendicularly extending, while having a space therebetween, from one surface of the support plate; and a strip-shaped heater element arranged between the pair of connection terminals and covering the one surface of the support plate, and wherein the connection terminals have connection portions projecting from the other surface of the support plated, and each of the brackets has a terminal hole into which the connection portion is inserted.

Abstract: A heating apparatus includes a plurality of heating means that heat a heated object, a temperature measuring means that measures temperatures of some of the plurality of heating means, a heated object information storing means that stores, in a coordinate manner, heated object identification names, target heating temperatures at the heating means, and sets of heating ratios respectively assigned to the heating means, a heating information storage means that defines a relationship between temperatures during heating of the heating means up to the target heating temperatures and heating intensities at the temperatures, a heated object identification name obtaining means that obtains one of the heated object identification names, a heated object information reading-out means that reads out one of the target heating temperatures and one of the sets of heating ratios respectively assigned to the plurality of heating means, corresponding to the heated object identification name from the heated object information st

Abstract: A radiant heater includes a support plate substantially having a rectangular shape, a pair of connection terminals substantially perpendicularly extending, while having; a space therebetween, from one surface of the support plate, a strip-shaped heater element arranged between the pair of connection terminals and covering the one surface of the support plate) a width direction of the strip-shaped heater element being in parallel with the support plate, and bridging support members provided with insulators and extending) while having a space therebetween, from the support plate for supporting the strip-shaped heater element separately from the support plate, wherein a heating surface of the strip-shaped heater element that is to face a heated object is provided with a coating that increases a radiation factor, and an opposing surface that is on an opposite side of the heating surface and faces the support plate is not provided with the coating

Abstract: There is provided a modified ion exchange resin catalyst which exhibits higher bisphenols selectivity than the conventional modified ion exchange resins in processes wherein bisphenols are produced by reacting a phenolic compound with ketones, and to provide such a process for producing bisphenols.

Abstract: A heating system includes a plurality of radiant heaters, a power source supplying electricity to the radiant heaters, and a transformer provided between the radiant heaters and the power source, wherein each of the radiant heaters includes a support plate substantially having a rectangular shape, a pair of connection terminals substantially perpendicularly extending, while having a space therebetween, from one surface of the support plate, and a strip-shaped heater element arranged between the pair of connection terminals and covering the one surface of the support plate, wherein voltage E between the pair of connection terminals is adjusted by the transformer so as to satisfy an inequality of 25 V?E?35 V, wherein a width W of the strip-shaped heater element is set so as to satisfy an inequality of 8.5 mm?W?11.7 mm, and a thickness t thereof is set so as to satisfy an inequality of 0.05 mm?t?0.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing bisphenol A by reacting phenol with acetone, wherein reaction is performed at higher temperatures while maintaining high selectivity, and thus high productivity is obtained. The invention relates to a cation-exchange resin, wherein a cation-exchange group is introduced into a syndiotactic polystyrene polymer and the amount of acid is 0.8 milliequivalent/g or more, to a catalyst comprising the cation-exchange resin, and to a process for producing bisphenol A using the cation-exchange resin catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ion-exchange resin catalyst, as a catalyst for preparing bisphenol from phenol compounds and ketone, which has a higher selectivity to bisphenol and a longer life time, as compared to a conventional ion-exchange resin, and a method for preparing the same. The present invention also provides a method for preparing bisphenol comprising reacting phenol compounds with ketone, wherein the modified acidic ion-exchange resin in which at least one kind of cationic compound selected from the following (a), (b), (c) and (d) ionically binds to an acidic functional group, is used as a catalyst: (a) a quaternary phosphonium ion, (b) a quaternary ammonium ion, (c) a bis(phosphoranylidene) ammonium ion, and (d) an N-substituted nitrogen-containing aromatic cation.