Abstract: A stretchable raised electrode having a stretch property that can be used as a biological electrode for collecting biological signals while being pressed against a body is provided, and a method of manufacturing the stretchable raised electrode is provided. This raised electrode is a raised electrode formed by raising a surface of a sheet material having the stretch property. This raised electrode includes: a resin layer configured to be stretchable to follow the surface of the sheet material; and a plurality of conductive fibers each having an inserted portion, one end of which is inserted into the resin layer. The conductive fibers that are adjacent to one another are electrically in contact with one another at non-inserted portions into the resin layer, and the conductive fibers are formed in the resin layer so as to have such a density as causing an in-plane isotropic electric conductivity of an electrode region of the sheet material in which the conductive fibers are formed.

Abstract: A stretchable raised electrode having a stretch property that can be used as a biological electrode for collecting biological signals while being pressed against a body is provided, and a method of manufacturing the stretchable raised electrode is provided. This raised electrode is a raised electrode formed by raising a surface of a sheet material having the stretch property. This raised electrode includes: a resin layer configured to be stretchable to follow the surface of the sheet material; and a plurality of conductive fibers each having an inserted portion, one end of which is inserted into the resin layer. The conductive fibers that are adjacent to one another are electrically in contact with one another at non-inserted portions into the resin layer, and the conductive fibers are formed in the resin layer so as to have such a density as causing an in-plane isotropic electric conductivity of an electrode region of the sheet material in which the conductive fibers are formed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reflective encoder which is capable of measuring movement amount and detecting movement direction by using one emergent light beam, and achieving high reliability and miniaturization through a simple structure. In the reflective encoder, a light beam emitted by a laser oscillator is caused to be incident on a reflective diffraction grating disposed on a side of a scale, and diffracted light beams reflected by the reflective diffraction grating are received by light receiving elements. An interference optical system is provided between the light receiving elements and the reflective diffraction grating. An optical system is thus constructed to measure movement amount and detect movement direction by using only one emergent light beam.

Abstract: A force sensor according to embodiments includes a light-emitting unit, a pair of first light detectors, a reflector, and a first frame. The light-emitting unit emits diffuse light. The first light detectors are arranged in a first direction with the light-emitting unit interposed therebetween. The reflector is arranged to face the light-emitting unit on an optical axis of the light-emitting unit and reflects the diffuse light emitted from the light-emitting unit toward the first light detectors. The first frame is deformed in the first direction so that a reflection range of the diffuse light reflected by the reflector is displaced in the first direction.

Abstract: A force sensor according to embodiments includes a light-emitting unit, a pair of first light detectors, a reflector, and a first frame. The light-emitting unit emits diffuse light. The first light detectors are arranged in a first direction with the light-emitting unit interposed therebetween. The reflector is arranged to face the light-emitting unit on an optical axis of the light-emitting unit and reflects the diffuse light emitted from the light-emitting unit toward the first light detectors. The first frame is deformed in the first direction so that a reflection range of the diffuse light reflected by the reflector is displaced in the first direction.