Abstract: A substrate, a diaphragm, and a piezoelectric actuator are laminated in this order in a first direction, the diaphragm includes a first layer containing silicon as a constituent element, a second layer disposed between the first layer and the piezoelectric actuator, and containing any one or both of at least one metal element selected from the group made of chromium, titanium, aluminum, tantalum, hafnium, and iridium, and silicon nitride, as a constituent element, and a third layer disposed between the second layer and the piezoelectric actuator and containing zirconium as a constituent element, and a fourth layer containing any one or both of at least one metal element selected from the group made of chromium, titanium, aluminum, tantalum, hafnium, and iridium, and silicon nitride, as a constituent element is provided on the third layer on a piezoelectric actuator side.

Abstract: A bulk feeder includes a feeder main body, a track member provided vibratably with respect to the feeder main body and formed with a conveyance path through which multiple components are conveyed, an excitation device configured to apply vibration to the track member so that the multiple components are conveyed along the conveyance path, and a vibration sensor configured to detect a vibration value indicating a vibration state of the track member that vibrates by the excitation of the excitation device.

Abstract: A control system for a vehicle, includes: a controller that is configured to obtain an index on the basis of a running condition of the vehicle, to vary a running characteristic of the vehicle on the basis of the index, and to vary details output from an effect producing device, which applies a stimulus to at least part of five senses of a driver of the vehicle, on the basis of the index, wherein when a variation in the running characteristic because of a variation in the index decreases, quickness of a behavior of the vehicle, the variation in the index in response to a variation in the running condition is relatively delayed, as compared with when the variation in the running characteristic because of the variation in the index increases quickness of the behavior of the vehicle.

Abstract: A control system for a vehicle, includes: a controller that is configured to obtain an index on the basis of a running condition of the vehicle, to vary a running characteristic of the vehicle on the basis of the index, and to vary details output from an effect producing device, which applies a stimulus to at least part of five senses of a driver of the vehicle, on the basis of the index, wherein when a variation in the running characteristic because of a variation in the index decreases, quickness of a behavior of the vehicle, the variation in the index in response to a variation in the running condition is relatively delayed, as compared with when the variation in the running characteristic because of the variation in the index increases quickness of the behavior of the vehicle.

Abstract: A tunneling machine intended to stably carry out gripper replacement by restricting the load imposed on gripper jacks for the main gripper as much as possible during excavation of an inclined shaft. Such a tunneling machine comprises (1) a main beam that extends along a tunnel wall, (2) a nose gripper disposed in front of the main beam for gripping the main beam against the wall of a pilot shaft and a main gripper disposed behind the main beam for gripping the main beam against the wall of a reamed shaft, (3) a main frame supported by the main beam so as to be slidable back and forth and supporting a cutter head at the front portion thereof, (4) a holding gripper (composed of a roof support, side support, vertical support) for gripping the main frame against the wall of the reamed shaft, (5) thrust jacks coupling the main frame to gripper shoes for the main gripper, and (6) retaining jacks coupling the main frame to a carrier.

Abstract: In a tunnel excavator for tunneling by rotating a cutter head provided in front of a shield body to thereby excavate the working face of a tunnel using disk cutters attached to the front surface of the cutter head, the cutter head is composed of an annular beam, an arched main spoke provided across the annular beam and a plurality of arched sub-spokes radially provided thereon and disk cutter assemblies are detachably attached to the main spoke and sub-spokes, so that the disk cutter has a simple structure and the reaction force of excavation is broken up by the main spoke and sub-spokes to be transmitted to the annular beam. As a result, it is possible to provide a strong and durable cutter head which can be easily manufactured.

Abstract: A shield type tunneling apparatus comprises: a shield body having in its front portion a cutter-head compartment for digging a tunnel through bedrock, the cutter-head compartment being rotatably driven by a driving unit; and a transporting means for discharging rock debris produced by the cutter-head compartment from a front area thereof to a rear area of the shield body. The tunneling apparatus is characterized in that: the cutter-head compartment is filled with water which buoys up the rock debris in the cutter-head compartment to enable the rock debris to easily enter the transporting means under the influence of rotational movement of the cutter-head compartment.