Abstract: A gas sensor includes a substantially cylindrical metal shell; a laminated sensor element held within the metal shell, and including a plate-shaped solid electrolyte layer extending in a longitudinal direction; an electrode portion provided on the solid electrolyte layer; an insulating layer; and a lead portion connected with the electrode portion, extending in the longitudinal direction, and having a front end portion laminated on the solid electrolyte layer, and a rear end portion laminated through the insulating layer on the solid electrolyte layer. The insulating layer has an end portion over and across which the lead portion extends, and which has a recessed shape, a raised shape, or a recessed and raised shape in the longitudinal direction as viewed in the lamination direction.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a substantially cylindrical metal shell; a laminated sensor element held within the metal shell, and including a plate-shaped solid electrolyte layer extending in a longitudinal direction; an electrode portion provided on the solid electrolyte layer; an insulating layer; and a lead portion connected with the electrode portion, extending in the longitudinal direction, and having a front end portion laminated on the solid electrolyte layer, and a rear end portion laminated through the insulating layer on the solid electrolyte layer. The insulating layer has an end portion over and across which the lead portion extends, and which has a recessed shape, a raised shape, or a recessed and raised shape in the longitudinal direction as viewed in the lamination direction.

Abstract: A pressure sensor having a ceramic support, a first ceramic layer attached to a peripheral portion of one side of the ceramic support, and a second ceramic layer which is attached to a peripheral portion of another side of the ceramic support such that the pressure sensor is shaped as an integral assembly. The ratio of the thickness of the first ceramic layer to that of the second ceramic layer is in the range of 1:10 to 1:1. The ratio of the thicknesses of the first and second ceramic layers to thickness of the ceramic support is no more than 1:2. The pressure sensor further includes a hollow space formed between the ceramic support and at least one of the first and second ceramic layers so that, after shaping as an integral assembly, the ceramic layer or layers will work as a diaphragm that is capable of deformation under pressure.

Abstract: A pressure sensor including at least two ceramic layers formed as elongated sheets and bonded together with a gap therebetween at one end so as to form a diaphragm of a portion of one of the ceramic layers that faces the gap and that receives on an outer surface thereof the pressure to be measured, a pressure-sensitive electrode portion from which an electric output corresponding with the pressure to be measured is generated on the basis of the amount of strain of the diaphragm that develops under the pressure to be measured, the pressure-sensitive electrode portion being provided on or around the diaphragm, and a plurality of conductor paths that are connected to the pressure-sensitive electrode portion and that extend along the length of the ceramic layers, the conductor paths having terminals at the other end of the bonded ceramic layers for connection to an external electric circuit.

Abstract: A pressure sensor having a ceramic substrate formed from a first unsintered ceramic material, and a diaphragm capable of deformation under pressure, and formed of a second unsintered ceramic material having a factor of shrinkage upon sintering smaller than that of the first material. The diaphragm is fixed to the periphery of a surface of the ceramic substrate to form an integral assembly having a hollow space formed therebetween upon sintering due to the difference in the factor of shrinkage of the first and second materials.