Abstract: A broadband radio communication system and method therefore that conducts communication on a plurality of narrowband channels obtained by dividing a broadband channel into a plurality of narrowband channels. The invention provides a first radio communication terminal which sets transmission conditions of at least part of the narrowband channels and transmits a wireless packet on the narrowband channels of which the transmission conditions have been set, and a second radio communication terminal which receives the wireless packet from the first radio communication terminal, measures the line qualities of the narrowband channels and transmits measured line quality information to said first radio communication terminal. The first radio communication terminal receives the line quality information, sets new transmission conditions based on the line quality information, and transmits a wireless packet to the second radio communication terminal through the narrowband channels under the new transmission conditions.

Abstract: Superconducting device include a type having a structure of a superconductor--a normal-conductor (or a semiconductor)--a superconductor, and a type having a superconducting weak-link portion between superconductors.The superconductors constituting the superconducting device are made of an oxide of either of perovskite type and K.sub.2 NiF.sub.4 type crystalline structures, containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg, and Ra; at least one element selected from the group consisting of La, Y, Ce, Sc, Sm, Eu, Er, Gd, Ho, Yb, Nd, Pr, Lu, and Tb; Cu; and O. In addition, the c-axis of the crystal of the superconductor is substantially perpendicular to the direction of current flowing through this superconductor.

Abstract: An asynchronous transfer mode switching system for improving switching throughput and averting complicated and difficult timing design. In operation, synchronous cell strings from external transmission lines are converted to asynchronous cell strings which are switched by a space-division switch array. The switched asynchronous cell strings are reconverted to synchronous cell strings for output onto external transmission lines. The space-division switch array comprises a plurality of unit switches in stages, each unit switch having input terminals and output terminals. The unit switches each include a timing control circuit that causes a switching operation to start upon detecting two states concurrently: a stored state of a cell to be switched, and a storage-ready state of a destination for the switched cell. The scheme allows the system to operate in an asynchronous manner.

Abstract: An IC card (107) sends its identification code in units of one bit in response to a question from a controller (103). The controller sends back to the IC card the received one bit of the identification code. The IC card compares the received and sent bits. If both are equal, the IC card sends the next one bit to the controller and if not, refrains from sending the next one bit. Thus, even when the number of IC cards which are to be identified and the number of IC cards which send their identification codes are simultaneously large, a reduction in the identification efficiency is suppressed to within a small value.

Abstract: A measurement system for measuring material deterioration in accordance with a magnetic field of the material in the presence of radiation. The measurement system includes a detection circuit which detects a magnetic field of the material and generates a signal indicative thereof which signal includes noise due to the radiation, a signal processing circuit including semiconductor devices to process the signal generated from the detection circuit and a noise reducing circuit for at least reducing noise in the generated signal which is due to the radiation. The signal processing circuit is installed at a place where a dose equivalent of radiation is equal to or smaller than that of a place where the detection circuit is installed.

Abstract: Superconducting device include a type having a structure of a superconductor--a normal-conductor (or a semiconductor)--a superconductor, and a type having a superconducting weak-link portion between superconductors. The superconductors constituting the superconducting device are made of an oxide of either of perovskite type and K.sub.2 NiF.sub.4 type crystalline structures, containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg, and Ra; at least one element selected from the group consisting of La, Y, Ce, Sc, Sm, Eu, Er, Gd, Ho, Yb, Nd, Pr, Lu, and Tb; Cu; and O. In addition, the c-axis of the crystal of the superconductor is substantially perpendicular to the direction of current flowing through this superconductor.

Abstract: A Josephson signal detector is presented which includes (1) a sensor with at least one Josephson junction (e.g., a SQUID) and (2) a comparator (e.g., an analog-to-digital converter); a measurement system using such detector; and a method of using such detector and measurement system. The detector can be, e.g., a digital SQUID. The detector can also include a readout circuit for reading out the output of the comparator. In one aspect of the invention, the sensor, or both the sensor and readout circuit, are powered by a DC current source. Through use of the DC current source, it is possible to provide, e.g., a digital SQUID, having reduced crosstalk and reduced fluctuation of ground potential, and which is kept from an increase in noise or a miss operation.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of forming superconducting devices including a type having a structure of a superconductor--a normal-conductor (or a semiconductor)--a superconductor, and a type having a superconducting weak-link portion between superconductors.The superconductors constituting the superconducting device are made of an oxide of either of perovskite type and K.sub.2 NiF.sub.4 type crystalline structures, containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg, and Ra; at least one element selected from the group consisting of La, Y, Ce, Sc, Sm, Eu, Er, Gd, Ho, Yb, Nd, Pr, Lu, and Tb; Cu; and O. In addition, the c-axis of the crystal of the superconductor is substantially perpendicular to the direction of current flowing through this superconductor.

Abstract: A superconducting device low in power dissipation and high in operating speed is fabricated by use of a combination of a superconductor material and a semiconductor material. The superconducting device having a low power dissipation and high operating speed characteristic according to the present invention is suitable for configuring a large-scale integrated circuit.

Abstract: A superconducting device has a structure of superconductor--normal--conductor (semiconductor)--superconductor. The superconducting regions and the normal-conductor region can be made of the same elements but having different relative proportions of the elements. The device can be fabricated by introducing at least one element into an unmasked region of the superconductor to form a normal conductor region or into unmasked regions of the normal conductor to form superconductor regions.

Abstract: A pair of superconducting electrodes are so formed as to interpose a semiconductor therebetween, and a control electrode is formed on the semiconductor through an insulator film so as to control the superconductive weak coupling state in the semiconductor between the superconducting electrodes. The distance between the superconducting electrodes is determined by the thickness of the superconductor interposed between the two electrodes, whereby the interelectrode distance is settled with a high precision to improve the uniformity of the device characteristic.And in an arrangement where two superconducting electrodes are formed on a semiconductor layer and the superconductive weak coupling state between such two electrodes is controlled by a third electrode, the gain is increadable by furnishing a varied impurity distribution in the semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A superconducting device may include a superconducting weak link equipped with plural superconducting devices that are used as input-output terminals formed on the same plane and at least one current source for applying current to at least one of these superconducting electrodes. A superconducting device suitable for high integration can be realized as it enables structuring of a superconducting weak link 1 equipped with plural superconducting electrodes 101, 102, 103 and 104 that can be used as input-output terminals and changing symmetry of superconducting electrode arrangement through the form of a normal conductor 201 which is forming a superconducting weak link. In addition, when this superconducting device is used as a quasi-particle injection type device, a superconducting device with plural superconducting electrodes that can be used for a gate electrode, drain electrode or control electrode can be realized. Further, a superconducting device equipped with new functions (e.g.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a superconducting field effect transistor (FET) which has at least an active region formed from a film of oxide normal conductor, a plurality of electrodes formed from a film of oxide superconductor, and a means to control the current which flows between the electrodes through the active region. Having a much greater electrode distance than the conventional superconducting device, it can be produced easily by lithography without resorting to special techniques.

Abstract: A superconducting device has a structure of superconductor - normal-conductor (semiconductor) - superconductor. The superconductors constituting the superconducting device are made of a superconducting oxide material of K.sub.2 NiF.sub.4 type crystal-line structure or perovskite type crystalline structure which contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg and Ra; at least one element selected from the group consisting of La, Y, Ce, Sc, Sm, Eu, Er, Gd, Ho, Yb, Nd, Pr, Lu and Tb; Cu; and O.

Abstract: Superconducting device include a type having a structure of a superconductor--a normal-conductor (or a semiconductor)--a superconductor, and a type having a superconducting weak-link portion between superconductors.The superconductors constituting the superconducting device are made of an oxide of either of perovskite type and K.sub.2 NiF.sub.4 type crystalline structures, containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg, and Ra; at least one element selected from the group consisting of La, Y, Ce, Sc, Sm, Eu, Er, Gd, Ho, Yb, Nd, Pr, Lu, and Tb; Cu; and O. In addition, the c-axis of the crystal of the superconductor is substantially perpendicular to the direction of current flowing through this superconductor.

Abstract: A superconducting field effect transistor which is very small in size and high in dimensional accuracy, has a first layer of material forming a control electrode and a second layer of another material is disposed on said first layer. A width of said first layer in a direction toward a superconducting source electrode and a superconducting drain electrode is narrower than a width of the second layer in the same direction. Polycrystalline silicon may be used as the control electrode while the second layer can be made of silicon nitride. Furthermore, a side surface of the control electrode may be coated with an insulator film. Accordingly, the above transistor has a fine structure gate electrode part that can be fabricated easily and accurately.

Abstract: A pair of superconducting electrodes are so formed as to interpose a semiconductor therebetween, and a control electrode is formed on the semiconductor through an insulator film so as to control the superconductive weak coupling state in the semiconductor between the superconducting electrodes. The distance between the superconducting electrodes is determined by the thickness of the superconductor interposed between the two electrodes, whereby the interelectrode distance is settled with a high precision to improve the uniformity of the device characteristic.And in an arrangement where two superconducting electrodes are formed on a semiconductor layer and the superconductive weak coupling state between such two electrodes is controlled by a third electrode, the gain is increadable by furnishing a varied impurity distribution in the semiconductor layer.

Abstract: Superconducting electrodes are formed on a semiconductor which serves as a channel. A control electrode is disposed through an insulator film or a p-n junction on the side of the semiconductor which is opposite to the semiconductor side on which the superconducting electrode is formed. A superconducting current flows between the superconducting electrode across the semiconductor is controlled by an electric signal which is applied to the control electrode, thereby enhancing the current gain.

Abstract: In a superconducting device wherein the value of a superconducting current to flow between two superconducting electrodes provided in contact with a semiconductor is controlled by a control electrode provided between the superconducting electrodes, high impurity concentration regions are formed within the semiconductor so as to lie in contact with the superconducting electrodes and to extend to under ends of the control electrode.

Abstract: Technology for using a wiring of a superconductive material in semiconductor integrated circuit device. An isolation layer and/or a barrier layer are provided for preventing diffusion of harmful composition of the superconductive material for the semiconductor device. Control of a circuit can be made utilizing the characteristics of a superconductive material. Also, the characteristics of a superconductive material may be controlled. A method of forming a layer of superconductive material, well compatible with the widely used process of manufacturing integrated circuit devices, is also disclosed.