Abstract: In a turbine housing (2) of a turbocharger (1) including a turbine housing portion (7) defining a turbine chamber, an exhaust inlet passage portion 9 (9) defining an exhaust inlet passage, and a valve housing portion (12) defining a wastegate outlet passage (11) communicating with the turbine chamber via a turbine outlet passage (14) and with the exhaust inlet passage via a bypass passage (16), a wastegate valve (10) is pivotally supported by the valve housing portion to cooperate with a wastegate valve seat (34) provided at a downstream end of the bypass passage. A valve peripheral wall portion (33) of the valve housing portion includes a curved wall portion (32), and a part of the curved wall portion adjacent to the wastegate valve seat is formed with a thick wall portion (35) having a locally increased thickness.

Abstract: In a turbine housing (2) of a turbocharger (1) including a turbine housing portion (7) defining a turbine chamber, an exhaust inlet passage portion 9 (9) defining an exhaust inlet passage, and a valve housing portion (12) defining a wastegate outlet passage (11) communicating with the turbine chamber via a turbine outlet passage (14) and with the exhaust inlet passage via a bypass passage (16), a wastegate valve (10) is pivotally supported by the valve housing portion to cooperate with a wastegate valve seat (34) provided at a downstream end of the bypass passage. A valve peripheral wall portion (33) of the valve housing portion includes a curved wall portion (32), and a part of the curved wall portion adjacent to the wastegate valve seat is formed with a thick wall portion (35) having a locally increased thickness.

Abstract: Envelopes, particularly an envelope for mailing magnetic cards. The envelope includes a lower sheet of paper having an opening through which the magnetic card is exposed, a transparent film adhering to the rear surface of the lower sheet so as to cover the opening, and an upper sheet of paper mounted upon the lower sheet to cover the opening such that a magnetic card enclosure is defined by the upper sheet and lower sheet to receive and hold the magnetic card within the opening and such that the presence of the card within the envelope may be confirmed through the transparent sheet.