Abstract: A redox flow battery system including a cell and a monitor cell to which a same electrolyte solution is supplied; a current measuring unit that measures a current that is input to and output from the cell; a voltage measuring unit that measures an open circuit voltage of the monitor cell; and a computing unit. The computing unit includes a first processing unit, a second processing unit, and a third processing unit. The first processing unit computes an integral value obtained by integrating a current value measured by the current measuring unit, for an amount of time corresponding to a predetermined time constant. The second processing unit computes a corrected voltage value based on a measured voltage value measured by the voltage measuring unit and the integral value. And the third processing unit calculates a first state-of-charge value of the electrolyte solution from the corrected voltage value.

Abstract: A redox flow battery system including a cell and a monitor cell to which a same electrolyte solution is supplied; a current measuring unit that measures a current that is input to and output from the cell; a voltage measuring unit that measures an open circuit voltage of the monitor cell; and a computing unit. The computing unit includes a first processing unit, a second processing unit, and a third processing unit. The first processing unit computes an integral value obtained by integrating a current value measured by the current measuring unit, for an amount of time corresponding to a predetermined time constant. The second processing unit computes a corrected voltage value based on a measured voltage value measured by the voltage measuring unit and the integral value. And the third processing unit calculates a first state-of-charge value of the electrolyte solution from the corrected voltage value.

Abstract: An extrusion apparatus includes an extruder, a run-out table that supports an extruded material that has been extruded from the extruder, a feed roller and a pulling roller that are provided at a given interval so as to be able to come in rolling contact with the extruded material that is situated on the run-out table, and a cooling section that cools the extruded material between the feed roller and the pulling roller, wherein the feed roller and the pulling roller apply a tensile force to the extruded material while the extruded material advances from the feed roller to the pulling roller.

Abstract: An extrusion apparatus includes an extruder, a run-out table that supports an extruded material that has been extruded from the extruder, a feed roller and a pulling roller that are provided at a given interval so as to be able to come in rolling contact with the extruded material that is situated on the run-out table, and a cooling section that cools the extruded material between the feed roller and the pulling roller, wherein the feed roller and the pulling roller apply a tensile force to the extruded material while the extruded material advances from the feed roller to the pulling roller.

Abstract: A cell frame in which the structure of a positive electrode electrolyte flow path and the structure of a negative electrode electrolyte flow path are different from each other, a cell stack in which the structure of at least one of the positive electrode electrolyte flow path and the negative electrode electrolyte flow path differs between the cell frame positioned at the center and the cell frame positioned at an end, the cell stack being configured such that electrical resistance in at least one of the positive electrode electrolyte flow path and the negative electrode electrolyte flow path increases from the cell frame positioned at the center toward the cell frame positioned at the end, and a redox flow battery utilizing them.

Abstract: To realize a transmission function of power line communication by a further simplified and cost-effective circuit configuration, in a PLC modem installed in an electric appliance such as a household electrical appliance. A semiconductor switching element that is present on an electric circuit connected to a power line is driven by a modulator unit. The modulator unit controls ON/OFF operations of the semiconductor switching element, to thereby cause a communication signal of a modulated rectangular wave to be output to the power line for a prescribed period.

Abstract: A cell frame in which the structure of a positive electrode electrolyte flow path and the structure of a negative electrode electrolyte flow path are different from each other, a cell stack in which the structure of at least one of the positive electrode electrolyte flow path and the negative electrode electrolyte flow path differs between the cell frame positioned at the center and the cell frame positioned at an end, the cell stack being configured such that electrical resistance in at least one of the positive electrode electrolyte flow path and the negative electrode electrolyte flow path increases from the cell frame positioned at the center toward the cell frame positioned at the end, and a redox flow battery utilizing them.

Abstract: To realize a transmission function of power line communication by a further simplified and cost-effective circuit configuration, in a PLC modem installed in an electric appliance such as a household electrical appliance. A semiconductor switching element that is present on an electric circuit connected to a power line is driven by a modulator unit. The modulator unit controls ON/OFF operations of the semiconductor switching element, to thereby cause a communication signal of a modulated rectangular wave to be output to the power line for a prescribed period.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electrically insulative resin composition that exhibits superior electrical properties and processability and an electric wire or cable having a covering made of the resin. The electrically insulative resin composition comprises 60 to 90 percent by weight of ethylene-?-olefin copolymer (A) polymerized with a single-site catalyst and 40 to 10 percent by weight of another polyolefin resin (B), which is other than (A), wherein the composition contains a polyolefin having a graft-polymerized substituent with a dipole moment of not less than 4 Debye.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical waveguide type grating element and others in structure for decreasing absolute values of chromatic dispersion occurring in selective reflection of each of signal channels in a reflection band. The optical waveguide type grating element is provided with an optical waveguide in which signal light containing a plurality of signal channels spaced at a channel spacing ?i propagates, and a grating which is an index modulation formed over a predetermined range of the optical waveguide. Particularly, the optical waveguide type grating element has a transmittance of ?20 dB or less for each of the signal channels in the reflection band, and has a reflectance of ?20 dB or less for each of signal channels outside the reflection band. Furthermore, a deviation of a group delay time of each of the signal channels in the reflection band, which is caused by reflection in the grating, is 10 ps or less in a wavelength range of (?CH??i×0.375/2) or more but (?CH+?i×0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical device and the like which can facilitate a fine adjustment for an optical waveguide type diffraction grating device. The optical device includes a flexible member in which the optical waveguide type diffraction grating device is secured to a predetermined position, and bending means for applying a stress to said optical waveguide type diffraction grating device by bending said flexible member. The optical device changes the optical characteristics of the optical waveguide type diffraction grating device by adjusting the stress applied thereto by the bending means, to thereby perform easily various functions such as optical multiplexing, optical demultiplexing, path changing, and adjustment of dispersion characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus which make it possible to manufacture an optical waveguide type diffraction grating device achieving desired optical characteristics easily. In the present method, the optical fiber is irradiated as refractive index change inducing light outputted from a light source through a phase grating mask after passing through a shutter, an optical system, and a mirror. The mirror is moved in the direction of a z-axis to scan the irradiating position of the refractive index change inducing light on the optical fiber plural times. Every scan among the plurality of scans of the irradiating position, the phase grating mask is relatively displaced along the z-axis the direction opposite to each other from a reference relative position of the phase grating mask relative to the optical fiber.

Abstract: In this diffraction grating device manufacturing method, refractive-index-change-inducing light of a wavelength that induces a change in refractive index is irradiated onto an optical waveguide, thus forming a diffraction grating through refractive index modulation along the longitudinal direction of the optical waveguide. At this time, the position of irradiation of the refractive-index-change-inducing light onto the optical waveguide is swung in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the optical waveguide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical amplifier that can operate with low electric power consumption and can sufficiently compensate for the variation of gain spectrum induced by temperature fluctuation. The optical amplifier comprises an amplification optical fiber, a pumping light supplier, and a gain equalizer. The light inputted to the optical amplifier is amplified in the amplification optical fiber, and thereafter the amplified light passes through the gain equalizer. By passing the amplified light through the gain equalizer, the gain spectrum of the amplification optical fiber is equalized and the temperature dependence of the gain spectrum is compensated. At this time, the wavelength of the pumping light supplied from the pumping light supplier to the amplification optical fiber is set such that the gain variation spectrum of the amplification optical fiber depending on temperature becomes smooth.

Abstract: Refractive index change inducing light UV outputted from a light source passes a shutter and an optical system, and then is reflected by a mirror, so as to irradiate an optical fiber by way of a phase grating mask. A diffracting action of the phase grating mask generates a (+)first-order light component and a (−)first-order light component, which interfere with each other, thereby generating interference fringes with a fringe interval &Lgr;. As the mirror moves along the z axis, an irradiation position at which the optical fiber is irradiated with the refractive index change inducing light UV by way of the phase grating mask is scanned. While moving the mirror upon irradiation with the refractive index change inducing light UV, the phase grating mask is vibrated along the z axis under the action of a piezoelectric device. The phase or period of vibration varies from scan to scan.

Abstract: The present invention relates a method of easily fabricating a grating device having a desired reflection characteristic, and the like. In this fabrication method, the phase grating mask is relatively shifted along the longitudinal direction of the optical waveguide by a distance of one half of the grating period of the phase grating mask during the refractive index change inducing light is irradiated on the optical waveguide through the phase grating mask.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical waveguide type grating element and others in structure for decreasing absolute values of chromatic dispersion occurring in selective reflection of each of signal channels in a reflection band. The optical waveguide type grating element is provided with an optical waveguide in which signal light containing a plurality of signal channels spaced at a channel spacing &lgr;i propagates, and a grating which is an index modulation formed over a predetermined range of the optical waveguide. Particularly, the optical waveguide type grating element has a transmittance of −20 dB or less for each of the signal channels in the reflection band, and has a reflectance of −20 dB or less for each of signal channels outside the reflection band. Furthermore, a deviation of a group delay time of each of the signal channels in the reflection band, which is caused by reflection in the grating, is 10 ps or less in a wavelength range of (&lgr;CH−&lgr;i×0.

Abstract: A diffraction grating device according to the present invention is a diffraction grating device in which a diffraction grating based on perturbation of refractive index is formed through a predetermined range in a light guide direction in an optical waveguide and in which the diffraction grating selectively reflects light in a reflection band out of light guided through the optical waveguide. In the diffraction grating device, the reflection band is divided into K (K≧2) wavelength bands, and the perturbation of refractive index &Dgr;nall in the predetermined range is represented by the sum of index perturbations &Dgr;nk (k=1−K) of periods &Lgr;k according to the respective K wavelength bands. Furthermore, at least one set of phases out of phases &phgr;k (k=1−K) of the index perturbations &Dgr;nk at a center position of the predetermined range are different from each other.

Abstract: In this diffraction grating device manufacturing method, refractive-index-change-inducing light of a wavelength that induces a change in refractive index is irradiated onto an optical waveguide, thus forming a diffraction grating through refractive index modulation along the longitudinal direction of the optical waveguide. At this time, the position of irradiation of the refractive-index-change-inducing light onto the optical waveguide is swung in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the optical waveguide.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electrically insulative resin composition that exhibits superior electrical properties and processability and an electric wire or cable having a covering made of the resin. The electrically insulative resin composition comprises 60 to 90 percent by weight of ethylene-&agr;-olefin copolymer (A) polymerized with a single-site catalyst and 40 to 10 percent by weight of another polyolefin resin (B), which is other than (A), wherein the composition contains a polyolefin having a graft-polymerized substituent with a dipole moment of not less than 4 Debye.