Abstract: A method for easily producing a heterogeneous catalyst having excellent catalytic activity at a low cost is provided. The heterogeneous catalyst is used for the purpose of synthesizing a cyclic carbonate by reacting an epoxide and carbon dioxide. A catalyst obtained by this production method and a method for synthesizing a cyclic carbonate with use of this catalyst are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for producing silica gel-immobilized phosphonium salt catalysts including the steps of (a) reacting a silane compound with a silica gel in the presence of xylene, to obtain a catalyst precursor having a haloalkyl group or a haloaryl group, wherein the silane compound has a haloalkyl group or a haloaryl group, and a proportion of the silane compound is from 0.001 to 0.

Abstract: A reagent includes a coloring agent allowing a measured solution to develop a color transmitting a region component light for a dissolved-substance concentration measurement selected from three region component lights of red, green, and blue obtained by transmitting a light including a visible light region to the measured solution colored by addition of the reagent to the sample, and dividing a light of the visible light region of a transmitted light thereof into roughly three portions. Based on the transmitted light from the measured solution with the coloring agent added, an absorbance of the region component light for the dissolved-substance concentration measurement, and an absorbance A3 of another region component light resulted only from the coloring agent are calculated. Whether or not the reagent in a necessary quantity is added to the sample can be judged by comparing the absorbance A3 and a standard absorbance A0.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a cyclic carbonate obtained by reacting epoxide and carbon dioxide in the presence of a quaternary onium salt as a counter ion or a quaternary phosphonium salt having a halogenated anion as a counter ion, or in the presence of a solid catalyst obtained by immobilizing the quaternary onium salt onto a carrier, wherein an organohalogen compound containing at least one halogen atom in one molecule is added to the reaction system.

Abstract: A method for producing a heterogeneous catalyst for use of synthesizing cyclic carbonates by reacting an epoxide and carbon dioxide in the presence of the catalyst. A method for making a catalyst that includes forming a catalyst precursor then reacting the catalyst precursor with a tertiary phosphine.

Abstract: Provided is a method for continuously producing a cyclic carbonate, by which generation of a glycol in a reaction for synthesizing a cyclic carbonate is suppressed, and a cyclic carbonate having a high purity can be efficiently obtained even by simple purification. A method for continuously producing a cyclic carbonate, including filling a catalyst in a fixed-bed tube reactor, and continuously feeding carbon dioxide and an epoxide to the fixed-bed tube reactor to thereby bringing the carbon dioxide and the epoxide into contact with the catalyst, while continuously withdrawing the reaction liquid in the fixed-bed tube reactor, wherein the method includes a pre-treatment step in which a pre-treatment liquid containing a cyclic carbonate is brought into contact with the catalyst before feeding the carbon dioxide and the epoxide to the fixed-bed tube reactor, and the generated glycol is removed out of the system.

Abstract: Provided is a method for continuously producing a cyclic carbonate, by which generation of a glycol in a reaction for synthesizing a cyclic carbonate is suppressed, and a cyclic carbonate having a high purity can be efficiently obtained even by simple purification. A method for continuously producing a cyclic carbonate, including filling a catalyst in a fixed-bed tube reactor, and continuously feeding carbon dioxide and an epoxide to the fixed-bed tube reactor to thereby bringing the carbon dioxide and the epoxide into contact with the catalyst, while continuously withdrawing the reaction liquid in the fixed-bed tube reactor, wherein the method includes a pre-treatment step in which a pre-treatment liquid containing a cyclic carbonate is brought into contact with the catalyst before feeding the carbon dioxide and the epoxide to the fixed-bed tube reactor, and the generated glycol is removed out of the system.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a cyclic carbonate obtained by reacting epoxide and carbon dioxide, the method being capable of efficiently producing a cyclic carbonate at a high conversion rate and a high yield, in which degradation of the catalyst over time is suppressed and catalytic activity hardly decreases. A method for producing a cyclic carbonate by reacting epoxide and carbon dioxide in the presence of a quaternary onium salt selected from the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium salt having a halogenated anion as a counter ion and a quaternary phosphonium salt having a halogenated anion as a counter ion, or in the presence of a solid catalyst obtained by immobilizing the quaternary onium salt onto a carrier, wherein an organohalogen compound containing at least one halogen atom in one molecule is added to the reaction system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for easily and inexpensively producing a heterogeneous catalyst used to synthesize a cyclic carbonate by reacting an epoxide with carbon dioxide and having excellent catalyst activity; a catalyst obtained using said manufacturing method; and a method for synthesizing a cyclic carbonate using said catalyst. A method for producing a catalyst that is used for the purpose of synthesizing a cyclic carbonate by subjecting to a reaction an epoxide with carbon dioxide, said method comprising the following steps (a) and (b): (a) a step of obtaining a catalyst precursor having a haloalkyl group or a haloaryl group by reacting a silane compound with a silica gel in the presence of xylene, the silane compound having a haloalkyl group or a haloaryl group and (b) a step of obtaining a catalyst for synthesizing a cyclic carbonate by reacting the catalyst precursor obtained in step (a) with a tertiary phosphine.

Abstract: A method for easily producing a heterogeneous catalyst having excellent catalytic activity at a low cost is provided. The heterogeneous catalyst is used for the purpose of synthesizing a cyclic carbonate by reacting an epoxide and carbon dioxide. A catalyst obtained by this production method and a method for synthesizing a cyclic carbonate with use of this catalyst are also provided.

Abstract: Provided are: a method for easily producing a heterogeneous catalyst having excellent catalytic activity at a low cost, said heterogeneous catalyst being used for the purpose of synthesizing a cyclic carbonate by subjecting to a reaction an epoxide and carbon dioxide; a catalyst which is obtained by this production method; and a method for synthesizing a cyclic carbonate with use of this catalyst. A method for producing a catalyst that is used for the purpose of synthesizing a cyclic carbonate by subjecting to a reaction an epoxide with carbon dioxide, said method comprising the following steps (a) and (b): (a) a step of obtaining a catalyst precursor having a haloalkyl group or a haloaryl group, by subjecting to a reaction a silane compound having a haloalkyl group or a haloaryl group and a silica gel having an average pore diameter of from 3.

Abstract: A reagent includes a coloring agent allowing a measured solution to develop a color transmitting a region component light for a dissolved-substance concentration measurement selected from three region component lights of red, green, and blue obtained by transmitting a light including a visible light region to the measured solution colored by addition of the reagent to the sample, and dividing a light of the visible light region of a transmitted light thereof into roughly three portions. Based on the transmitted light from the measured solution with the coloring agent added, an absorbance of the region component light for the dissolved-substance concentration measurement, and an absorbance A3 of another region component light resulted only from the coloring agent are calculated. Whether or not the reagent in a necessary quantity is added to the sample can be judged by comparing the absorbance A3 and a standard absorbance A0.

Abstract: A method of verifying the consistency in a hierarchical database includes: generating a pointer record by acquiring a reference point stored in the hierarchical database and associating a first reference point identification value determined from a storage location of the reference point with pointer information retained at the reference point; generating a segment record by acquiring a segment stored in the hierarchical database and associating verification data with a retention address of the acquired segment, the verification data giving a second reference point identification value in connection with the calculation module, the calculation module calculating, for a segment in the hierarchical database, a reference point identification value used to identify a reference point which points to the segment; and verifying the consistency of a chain formed in the hierarchical database from the reference point to the segment by comparing the segment record with the pointer record.

Abstract: A database management system for determining consistency in a hierarchical database sequentially reads pointers of a plurality of segment data, generates an address hash value, which is a hash value of retention addresses of the segment data having been read, generates a pointer hash value, which is a hash value of the pointers included in the segment data having been read, corrects the address hash value, when the contents of the address already read is updated, based a retention address of segment data added or deleted by the update, corrects the pointer hash value based on each pointer changed by the update, and determines that the hierarchical database is consistent if the corrected address hash value coincides with the corrected pointer hash value.

Abstract: A method of verifying the consistency in a hierarchical database includes: generating a pointer record by acquiring a reference point stored in the hierarchical database and associating a first reference point identification value determined from a storage location of the reference point with pointer information retained at the reference point; generating a segment record by acquiring a segment stored in the hierarchical database and associating verification data with a retention address of the acquired segment, the verification data giving a second reference point identification value in connection with the calculation module, the calculation module calculating, for a segment in the hierarchical database, a reference point identification value used to identify a reference point which points to the segment; and verifying the consistency of a chain formed in the hierarchical database from the reference point to the segment by comparing the segment record with the pointer record.

Abstract: A reflector has a curved part covering the light source and a pair of end parts extending at the two sides of the curved part. The inside surface of each end part has a plurality of substantially parallel projections or depressions. The light-guiding plate has an incident surface and an emission surface substantially perpendicular to the incident surface, the incident surface having a plurality of projections or depressions extending substantially parallel to the emission surface. Also, the reflection surface of the light-guiding plate has projections.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system, a method, and a program for checking index consistency online in a database that includes a main database storing a plurality of data segments and an index database storing a plurality of index segments. A system according to an aspect of the present invention includes a record creating unit for sequentially reading out the index segments from the index database and creating a pointer record that contains a pointer value and a key value and for sequentially reading out the data segments from the main database and create a segment record that contains a storage address and an indexed field value of an index target segment to be indexed among the read out segments, a scan point setting unit for setting scan points that indicate progress of creation of the pointer record and the segment record.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system, a method, and a program for checking index consistency online in a database that includes a main database storing a plurality of data segments and an index database storing a plurality of index segments. A system according to an aspect of the present invention includes a record creating unit for sequentially reading out the index segments from the index database and creating a pointer record that contains a pointer value and a key value and for sequentially reading out the data segments from the main database and create a segment record that contains a storage address and an indexed field value of an index target segment to be indexed among the read out segments, a scan point setting unit for setting scan points that indicate progress of creation of the pointer record and the segment record.

Abstract: A light-guiding plate, an optical source device and an electronic device. The light-guiding plate including an incident surface, and an emission surface substantially perpendicular to the incident surface. The incident surface has a surface substantially perpendicular to the incident surface, and has projections or depressions extending substantially parallel to the emission surface. The incident surface has flat planes among the projections or depressions.

Abstract: A database management system for determining consistency in a hierarchical database sequentially reads pointers of a plurality of segment data, generates an address hash value, which is a hash value of retention addresses of the segment data having been read, generates a pointer hash value, which is a hash value of the pointers included in the segment data having been read, corrects the address hash value, when the contents of the address already read is updated, based a retention address of segment data added or deleted by the update, corrects the pointer hash value based on each pointer changed by the update, and determines that the hierarchical database is consistent if the corrected address hash value coincides with the corrected pointer hash value.