Abstract: The present invention provides a factor capable of predicting an effect of a medicinal therapy on a cancer such as HER2 positive cancer. More specifically, the present invention provides a method of predicting the effect of the medicinal therapy on the cancer, comprising: (1) analyzing a methylation level of a cytosine residue in one or more CpG sites present within a nucleotide sequence in a promotor region, an untranslated region or a translated region of HSD17B4 gene in a sample taken from a human subject; and (2) predicting the effect of the medicinal therapy on the cancer based on the analyzed methylation level.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide, in place of injected agents (such as Vidaza® and Dacogen®) clinically used as therapeutic drugs for high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes, a medicine as a therapeutic drug or a prophylactic drug for various advanced solid tumors, said medicine having high stability with respect to cytidine deaminase which is a hydrolytic metabolic enzyme, being absorbed into the body even by oral administration, and having an effect of being integrated into a nucleic acid biosynthetic route and inhibiting DNA methyltransferases, i.e., DNMTs. [Solution] The aforementioned problem is solved by a novel compound represented by formula (I). (In the formula, R is a hydroxyl group or a hydrogen atom, and R1 and R2 are each a benzyl group that may have a substituent.

Abstract: An indicator may have improved accuracy for predicting an effect of a medicinal therapy on breast cancer. The method may estimate a breast cancer cell existence ratio and other methods, the method including: (1) analyzing methylation level of (1a) a cytosine residue in a CG portion of nucleotides at positions 1,000 to 1,001 in a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, (1b) a cytosine residue in a CG portion of nucleotides at positions 1,000 to 1,001 in a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, (1c) a cytosine residue in a CG portion of nucleotides at positions 1,001 to 1,002 in a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, or (1d) a combination of the cytosine residues, in a sample derived from a human subject; and (2) estimating the breast cancer cell existence ratio in the sample, based on the methylation level analyzed at (1).

Abstract: The present invention provides a factor capable of predicting an effect of a medicinal therapy on a cancer such as HER2 positive cancer. More specifically, the present invention provides a method of predicting the effect of the medicinal therapy on the cancer, comprising: (1) analyzing a methylation level of a cytosine residue in one or more CpG sites present within a nucleotide sequence in a promotor region, an untranslated region or a translated region of HSD17B4 gene in a sample taken from a human subject; and (2) predicting the effect of the medicinal therapy on the cancer based on the analyzed methylation level.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for detecting a rare mutation. The method comprises: preparing a sample comprising not more than 1,000 copies of template DNA; amplifying the template DNA to prepare a library, and analyzing a nucleotide sequence of the library; calculating a ratio of variants in a base at a predetermined position, from the analysis result; comparing the calculated ratio of variants with a predetermined cut-off value; and determining that the sample has a rare mutation in the base at the predetermined position when the calculated ratio of variants is not less than the predetermined cut-off value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for assessing a cancerous state of a mammal-derived specimen, which comprises: (1) a first step of measuring a methylation frequency of Neurofilament3 gene contained in a mammal-derived specimen or an index value having the correlation therewith, and (2) a second step of determining a cancerous state of the specimen based on a difference obtained by comparing the measured methylation frequency or the index value having the correlation therewith, with a control; and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for assessing a cancerous state of a mammal-derived specimen, which comprises: (1) a first step of measuring a methylation frequency of Fibrillin2 gene contained in a mammal-derived specimen or an index value having the correlation therewith, and (2) a second step of determining a cancerous state of the specimen based on a difference obtained by comparing the measured methylation frequency or the index value having the correlation therewith, with a control; and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for assessing a cancerous state of a mammal-derived specimen, which comprises: (1) a first step of measuring a methylation frequency of Neurofilament3 gene contained in a mammal-derived specimen or an index value having the correlation therewith, and (2) a second step of determining a cancerous state of the specimen based on a difference obtained by comparing the measured methylation frequency or the index value having the correlation therewith, with a control; and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for assessing a cancerous state of a mammal-derived specimen, which comprises: (1) a first step of measuring a methylation frequency of FiLbrillin2 gene contained in a mammal-derived specimen or an index value having the correlation therewith, and (2) a second step of determining a cancerous state of the specimen based on a difference obtained by comparing the measured meithylation frequency or the index value having the correlation therewith, with a control; and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for assessing a cancerous state of a mammal-derived specimen, which comprises: (1) a first step of measuring a methylation frequency of Heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-0-sulfotransferase gene contained in a mammal-derived specimen or an index value having the correlation therewith, and (2) a second step of determining a cancerous state of the specimen based on a difference obtained by comparing the measured methylation frequency or the index value having the correlation therewith, with a control; and the like.