Abstract: An antibody-drug conjugate represented by formula (I): (where Ab is an antibody, X is a group represented by formula (X-1), formula (X-2) or formula (X-3): (where at the left represents the binding site with NH and at the right represents the binding side with D), D is a group represented by formula (D-1) or formula (D-2): (where represents the binding site with X), and n is in the range of about 1 to about 8).

Abstract: A reinforcing bar placement angle specifying method generates an orthographic image of a reinforcing bar placed on a plane from among plural reinforcing bars placed on the basis of an image of the plural reinforcing bars placed, tentatively specifies a placement state of the reinforcing bar placed on the plane by analyzing the orthographic image, and specifies a placement angle of the reinforcing bar for each reinforcing bar of which the placement state is tentatively specified.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a first pixel output variation detecting section, a second pixel output variation detecting section, and a pixel correcting section. The first pixel output variation detecting section detects a variation between pixel outputs of the phase difference detecting pixel and the imaging pixel of the same color as the phase difference detecting pixel. The second pixel output variation detecting section detects a variation in pixel output between imaging pixels positioned in vicinities of the phase difference detecting pixel and the imaging pixel used by the first pixel output variation detecting section. The pixel correcting section corrects the pixel output of each phase difference detecting pixel based on results of the first and second pixel output variation detecting sections.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a first pixel output variation detecting section, a second pixel output variation detecting section, and a pixel correcting section. The first pixel output variation detecting section detects a variation between pixel outputs of the phase difference detecting pixel and the imaging pixel of the same color as the phase difference detecting pixel. The second pixel output variation detecting section detects a variation in pixel output between imaging pixels positioned in vicinities of the phase difference detecting pixel and the imaging pixel used by the first pixel output variation detecting section. The pixel correcting section corrects the pixel output of each phase difference detecting pixel based on results of the first and second pixel output variation detecting sections.

Abstract: An auto white balancing apparatus includes a block split circuit for splitting an image into a plurality of blocks; a representative color calculating circuit which for each split block, derives a representative color of each block on the basis of pixel values within each block; and a block reliability estimating circuit which for each block and for each light source determines the distance between color difference components of the color of a white object under each light source and color difference components of the representative color of each block, to thereby estimate a reliability signal with which each light source lights a scene of each block on the basis of the distances.

Abstract: A brightness threshold value calculation unit figures out a brightness threshold value on the basis of a brightness average value of all blocks and the brightness of a maximum brightness block determined by a maximum brightness block search unit. Block average value calculation units extract blocks corresponding thereto and find average values of representative values of the extracted blocks. At that time, subjects of extraction by the block average value calculation units are limited to blocks having a higher brightness than the brightness threshold value among all the blocks. A white balance gain is then determined from the thus obtained block average values. This configuration achieves a white balance which responds better to light sources since the white balance gain is not affected by values of dark blocks which are considered not to well reflect the color of light from the light sources.

Abstract: A noise elimination apparatus and method enable effective elimination of noise on each line in an image captured by a CCD provided with a Bayer-type color filter. A graduation device obtains the quantity of graduation for a target picture element by obtaining the difference between the mean value of the value of the target pixel and the value of a pixel around the target pixel and the value of the target pixel. A high frequency component detector detects the high frequency component of the target pixel using Laplacian filter based upon the target pixel and each of the pixels immediately adjacent to said target pixel are input. A high frequency component can be detected without being influenced by noise on each line by using a filter based upon each of the pixels immediately adjacent to said target pixel.

Abstract: A focusing device includes a movable focusing lens adapted to be moved to different positions, a conversion element for converting light incident on and transmitted through the focusing lens into a signal, and a lens driving mechanism for moving the focusing lens. The focusing device further includes a focus evaluation value calculation unit for calculating a focus evaluation value for each position of the focusing lens based on the signal from the conversion element, and a lens position specifying unit for specifying a position of the focusing lens causing a maximum focus evaluation value as an in-focus lens position. The lens driving mechanism moves the focusing lens in response to the in-focus lens position specified by the lens position specifying unit.

Abstract: The focusing lens serves to focus an image on a CCD. The image is displayed in a view finder through a different optical axis. A focus evaluation area determining circuit establishes a plurality of preset focus evaluation areas for the respective object distances on the basis of the axis offset between the optical axes of the focusing lens and the view finder. The corresponding preset object distance is compared with the object distance measured for the focus evaluation area in an object detection circuit. The result of the comparison allows the detection of an object specified in the view finder.

Abstract: A method obtains an electrical signal from the photoelectric detector, which signal corresponds to the illumination of the image formed by the focusing lens. The image screen is divided into a plurality of subdivision areas. The method then calculates for the respective subdivision areas a focus evaluation value representative of a high frequency component contained in the electrical signal and a brightness value representative of a brightness of the image. The subdivision areas are sorted in accordance with a object distance classification. The method weights with different weights the subdivision areas on the basis of the subdivision area to which a main object belongs. Variations in the focus evaluation and brightness values are calculated by comparing the values after a focus and the values for an in-focus image. Compositional changes are detected based on the weights and the variation in the focus evaluation and brightness values.

Abstract: An image is divided into a plurality of subdivision areas. A focus evaluation value representative of the high frequency component contained in the electrical signal from the CCD is calculated for each of the subdivision areas. The object distance is calculated for the respective subdivision areas based on the focus evaluation value. A target object is extracted based on the calculated object distance. The target object is focused. During the focusing operation, when a new object having an object distance smaller than that of the target object is detected in any of remote subdivision areas which have an object distance larger than that of the target object, the target object is re-selected.

Abstract: The present invention provides an auto white balance adjusting device which can appropriately adjust the white balance. A brightest block searching circuit (8) obtains blocks having block representative values, each R,G,B component of which is greater than a respective predetermined threshold value, and selects the brightest one out of the obtained blocks. A brightest block average value calculating circuit (9) obtains an average of the block representative values distributed in the image signal area of a chromaticity near to that of the brightest block. This brightest block average value is thought to be highly influenced by a predominant light source in taking the picture. The white balance can be appropriately adjusted by using this value, irrespective of the kinds of light sources.

Abstract: An automatic white balance adjusting device adjusts the white balance of a white object which is indoors under the influence of bright sunlight, or a white object which is indoors under the influence of dull sunlight light and a fluorescent lamp. The device includes a weighting circuit for a fluorescent lamp block, and a weighting circuit for a sunlight-and-tungsten-lamp block. The former weights an average of the fluorescent lamp block, while the latter weights an average of the sunlight-and-tungsten-lamp block. The weighted averages are used to generate a white balancing signal, which will be used for white balancing a white object.

Abstract: An adaptive codebook having excitation signal predetermined in the past, an excitation codebook for vector quantizing an excitation signal of the input speech signal and a gain codebook for vector quantizing gains of the adaptive and excitation codebooks are provided. A perceptually weighted speech signal having a subframe length obtained by dividing the frame is developed by using the input speech signal and the spectral parameters. A zero input signal of a synthesis filter is developed for a predetermined length by providing the input speech signal of the present subframe as an initial value to the synthesis filter on the basis of the spectral parameters. An overlap signal is also developed by weighting the zero input signal on the basis of the spectral parameters. Optimal codevectors are searched from the adaptive, excitation and gain codebooks according to a signal obtained by connecting the overlap signal to the trailing end of the perceptually weighted speech signal.

Abstract: A speech coding method which can code a speech. An autocorrelation of a synthesis signal synthesized from a codevector of an excitation codebook and a linear predictive parameter of an input speech signal is corrected using an autocorrelation of a synthesis signal synthesized from a codevector of an adaptive codebook and the linear predictive parameter and a cross-correlation between the synthesis signal of the codevector of the adaptive codebook and the synthesis signal of the codevector of the excitation codebook. A gain codebook is searched using the corrected autocorrelation and a cross-correlation between a signal obtained by subtraction of the synthesis signal of the codevector of the adaptive codebook from the input speech signal and the synthesis signal of the codevector of the excitation codebook.