Abstract: The present invention prevents an EGR sensor installed in an engine's EGR path from being soiled by soiling substances in exhaust. A catalyst is positioned upstream of the EGR sensor to purify the soiling substances in EGR gas. The status of the EGR sensor is properly controlled in accordance with the conditions of the catalyst. This ensures the EGR sensor is less likely to be affected by the soiling substances in the exhaust under any circumstances of the EGR path and allows the EGR sensor to avoid a decrease in the accuracy of EGR gas detection. An alternative configuration may be employed such that the EGR gas recirculates from the downstream side of a catalyst installed in a main exhaust path.

Abstract: A thermal gas-flow measuring instrument has a first heating resistor placed in the gas to be measured. A temperature sensing resistor is positioned upstream or downstream of the first heating resistor and generates signals relating to the flow rate. Between the first heating resistor and the support for supporting the first heating resistor is a second heating resistor that is electrically insulated from the first heating resistor. The second heating resistor suppresses the heat being transferred from the first heating resistor to the support. A control circuit controls the temperatures of the first heating resistor and the second heating resistor so that the operational temperature range of the second heating resistor or the temperature range at the joint section between the first heating resistor and the second heating resistor is at or above the temperature at which water droplets evaporate to disappear by film boiling.

Abstract: The present invention prevents an EGR sensor installed in an engine's EGR path from being soiled by soiling substances in exhaust. A catalyst is positioned upstream of the EGR sensor to purify the soiling substances in EGR gas. The status of the EGR sensor is properly controlled in accordance with the conditions of the catalyst. This ensures the EGR sensor is less likely to be affected by the soiling substances in the exhaust under any circumstances of the EGR path and allows the EGR sensor to avoid a decrease in the accuracy of EGR gas detection. An alternative configuration may be employed such that the EGR gas recirculates from the downstream side of a catalyst installed in a main exhaust path.

Abstract: A thermal gas-flow measuring instrument has a first heating resistor placed in the gas to be measured. A temperature sensing resistor is positioned upstream or downstream of the first heating resistor and generates signals relating to the flow rate. Between the first heating resistor and the support for supporting the first heating resistor is a second heating resistor that is electrically insulated from the first heating resistor. The second heating resistor suppresses the heat being transferred from the first heating resistor to the support. A control circuit controls the temperatures of the first heating resistor and the second heating resistor so that the operational temperature range of the second heating resistor or the temperature range at the joint section between the first heating resistor and the second heating resistor is at or above the temperature at which water droplets evaporates to disappear by film boiling.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radial-type ceramic electronic component that can prevent cracking in the ceramic substrate and detachment of the terminal electrodes due to the contractile stresses in the solder. A ceramic electronic component element 1 is equipped with terminal electrodes 11 and 12 on either end of a ceramic substrate 10. A pair of lead wires 2 and 3 are soldered to the terminal electrodes 11 and 12. The support parts 2B and 3B of the lead wires 2 and 3 are bent from the soldering parts 2A and 3A in a direction away from the terminal electrodes 11 and 12.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radial-type ceramic electronic component that can prevent cracking in the ceramic substrate and detachment of the terminal electrodes due to the contractile stresses in the solder. A ceramic electronic component element 1 is equipped with terminal electrodes 11 and 12 on either end of a ceramic substrate 10. A pair of lead wires 2 and 3 are soldered to the terminal electrodes 11 and 12. The support parts 2B and 3B of the lead wires 2 and 3 are bent from the soldering parts 2A and 3A in a direction away from the terminal electrodes 11 and 12.