Abstract: A light-emitting device that can be used in a high-resolution display apparatus and has a low driving voltage and high current efficiency is provided. A tandem light-emitting device is fabricated through a photolithography process and includes a plurality of light-emitting units and an intermediate layer therebetween. The intermediate layer includes a layer that includes a metal oxide and an organic compound having a phenanthroline ring with an electron-donating group. The layer of the intermediate layer is in contact with a light-emitting unit on the anode side.

Abstract: A novel display apparatus that is highly convenient, useful, or reliable is provided. The display apparatus includes a first light-emitting device and a second light-emitting device. A gap is provided between the second light-emitting device and the first light-emitting device. The first light-emitting device includes a first pixel electrode, a common electrode, and a first unit. The first unit is sandwiched between the first pixel electrode and the common electrode and contains a first organic compound L. The first organic compound L includes a plurality of 2,2?-bipyridine skeletons or a plurality of 1,10?-phenanthroline skeletons. The second light-emitting device includes a second pixel electrode, the common electrode, and a third unit. The third unit is sandwiched between the second pixel electrode and the common electrode. The third unit contains the first organic compound L. A gap is provided between the third unit and the first unit.

Abstract: A benzofuropyrimidine derivative or benzothienopyrimidine derivative that is a novel organic compound is provided. An organic compound represented by General Formula (G1) below. Q represents oxygen or sulfur. Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, and Ar4 each independently represent an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, and the number of carbon atoms included in the aromatic hydrocarbon ring is 6 to 25. m and n are each 0 or 1. A is a group having 12 to 100 carbon atoms in total and includes one or more of a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a fluorene ring, a phenanthrene ring, a triphenylene ring, a heteroaromatic ring including a dibenzothiophene ring, a heteroaromatic ring including a dibenzofuran ring, a heteroaromatic ring including a carbazole ring, a benzimidazole ring, and a triphenylamine structure.

Abstract: A novel light-emitting device is provided. Alternatively, a light-emitting device with high emission efficiency is provided. Alternatively, a light-emitting device having a long lifetime is provided. Alternatively, a light-emitting device having low driving voltage is provided. A light-emitting device including an EL layer including a first layer, a second layer, a third layer, a light-emitting layer, and a fourth layer in this order from the anode side is provided. The first layer includes a first organic compound and a second organic compound. The fourth layer includes a seventh organic compound. The first organic compound exhibits an electron-accepting property with respect to the second organic compound. The HOMO level of the second organic compound is from ?5.7 eV to ?5.4 eV. The HOMO level of the seventh organic compound is ?6.0 eV or higher.

Abstract: An increase in the voltage of an organic semiconductor device including a step of forming an aluminum oxide film over and in contact with an organic semiconductor layer is inhibited. A layer containing an organometallic compound for a mask for an organic semiconductor layer, which is represented by General Formula (G1) below, is provided between the organic semiconductor layer and the aluminum oxide film. In General Formula (G1), Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, X represents oxygen or sulfur, M represents a metal, n represents an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 5, and n is the same as the valence of the metal M. Note that when n is greater than or equal to 2, a plurality of Ars may be the same or different and Xs may be the same or different.

Abstract: To provide a light-emitting device with favorable characteristics. A plurality of light-emitting devices are over one insulating surface. Each of the plurality of light-emitting devices includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic compound layer between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrodes of the plurality of light-emitting devices are separate from each other. The second electrode is shared by the plurality of light-emitting devices. The organic compound layer includes a first light-emitting layer, a second light-emitting layer, and an intermediate layer between the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer. Contours of the first light-emitting layer, the intermediate layer, and the second light-emitting layer are aligned or substantially aligned with each other in each of the plurality of light-emitting devices. The intermediate layer includes a first layer.

Abstract: An object is to provide a novel composition for an EL device. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a composition for an EL device capable of easily manufacturing an EL device with stable characteristics. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a composition for an EL device capable of manufacturing an EL device with stable characteristics at low cost. The present inventors have studied a composition for an EL device in which different substances are mixed in advance and which does not cause change in characteristics of the EL device even when evaporation is repeated with use of the composition. As a result, a composition for an EL device in which a difference in the 5% weight loss temperature under a pressure lower than or equal to 0.1 Pa between contained substances is less than or equal to 50° C. is provided.

Abstract: A novel display apparatus that is highly convenient, useful, or reliable is provided. The display apparatus includes a first light-emitting device, a second light-emitting device, a first insulating layer, and a second insulating layer. The first light-emitting device includes a first pixel electrode, a common electrode, and a first intermediate layer. The first intermediate layer includes a first inorganic compound and a first organic compound. The first organic compound has an unshared electron pair. The first organic compound interacts with the first inorganic compound to form a singly occupied molecular orbital. The second light-emitting device includes a second pixel electrode, the common electrode, and a second intermediate layer. The second intermediate layer includes the first inorganic compound and the first organic compound.

Abstract: A novel organic compound, a benzofuropyrimidine derivative or a benzothienopyrimidine derivative is provided. The organic compound has a structure in which a benzothienocarbazolyl ring, a benzofurocarbazolyl ring, an indolocarbazolyl ring, or an indenocarbazolyl ring is bonded to the 8-position of a benzofuropyrimidine ring or a benzothienopyrimidine ring directly or through an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. That is, the organic compound is represented by General Formula (G1) below.

Abstract: A light-emitting device with high efficiency and high reliability. The light-emitting device includes an organic compound layer between a first electrode and a second electrode. The organic compound layer includes a first light-emitting unit, a second light-emitting unit, and an intermediate layer. The intermediate layer is positioned between the first light-emitting unit and the second light-emitting unit. The intermediate layer includes an organic compound. A peak current of electron oxidation is detected and a peak current of electron reduction is not detected in the case where the organic compound is measured by CV at a scan rate greater than or equal to 1 V/s and less than or equal to 100 V/s.

Abstract: A high-resolution light-emitting apparatus that emits blue light with a high blue index is provided. The light-emitting apparatus includes a pixel electrode A; a pixel electrode B adjacent to the pixel electrode A; a common electrode; an EL layer A sandwiched between the pixel electrode A and the common electrode; an EL layer B sandwiched between the pixel electrode B and the common electrode; and an insulating layer positioned between the common electrode and each of the EL layer A and the EL layer B. The insulating layer has an opening portion A overlapping with the pixel electrode A and an opening portion B overlapping with the pixel electrode B. The EL layer A includes a light-emitting layer A. The light-emitting layer A contains a light-emitting substance A. The light-emitting substance A emits blue light. The EL layer A is in contact with the pixel electrode A. The EL layer B is in contact with the pixel electrode B. The EL layer A is in contact with the common electrode in the opening portion A.

Abstract: A novel light-emitting device, a light-emitting device with high emission efficiency, a light-emitting device with a long lifetime, or a light-emitting device with low driving voltage is provided. An EL layer includes a first layer, a second layer, a third layer, a light-emitting layer, and a fourth layer in this order from the anode side. The first layer contains a first organic compound and a second organic compound. The fourth layer contains a seventh organic compound. The first organic compound exhibits an electron-accepting property with respect to the second organic compound. A HOMO level of the second organic compound is higher than or equal to ?5.7 eV and lower than or equal to ?5.4 eV. The fourth layer includes a region where the amount of seventh organic compound is large and a region where the amount of seventh organic compound is small in the thickness direction.

Abstract: A benzofuropyrimidine derivative or benzothienopyrimidine derivative that is a novel organic compound is provided. An organic compound represented by General Formula (G1) below. Q represents oxygen or sulfur. Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, and Ar4 each independently represent an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, and the number of carbon atoms included in the aromatic hydrocarbon ring is 6 to 25. m and n are each 0 or 1. A is a group having 12 to 100 carbon atoms in total and includes one or more of a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a fluorene ring, a phenanthrene ring, a triphenylene ring, a heteroaromatic ring including a dibenzothiophene ring, a heteroaromatic ring including a dibenzofuran ring, a heteroaromatic ring including a carbazole ring, a benzimidazole ring, and a triphenylamine structure.

Abstract: A novel light-emitting device is provided. Alternatively, a light-emitting device with high emission efficiency is provided. Alternatively, a light-emitting device having a long lifetime is provided. Alternatively, a light-emitting device having low driving voltage is provided. A light-emitting device including an EL layer including a first layer, a second layer, a third layer, a light-emitting layer, and a fourth layer in this order from the anode side is provided. The first layer includes a first organic compound and a second organic compound. The fourth layer includes a seventh organic compound. The first organic compound exhibits an electron-accepting property with respect to the second organic compound. The HOMO level of the second organic compound is from ?5.7 eV to ?5.4 eV. The HOMO level of the seventh organic compound is ?6.0 eV or higher.

Abstract: Alight-emitting device with high emission efficiency is provided. Alight-emitting device with a high blue index (BI) is provided. A light-emitting device with low power consumption is provided. A light-emitting device including a first electrode and a second electrode which are a reflective electrode and a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective electrode, and an EL layer sandwiched between the first electrode and the second electrode, where the EL layer contains an emission center substance, where when the emission center substance in the EL layer includes only one kind of substance, photon energy of a peak wavelength of light emitted from the light-emitting device is designed from an average value of photon energy of light emitted by the emission center substance in a solution state and emission edge energy on a short wavelength side of an emission spectrum of the emission center substance in the solution state.

Abstract: A light-emitting device with high heat resistance in a fabrication process is provided. The light-emitting device includes a light-emitting layer and a first layer between a first electrode and a second electrode. The first layer is positioned between the light-emitting layer and the second electrode and is in contact with the light-emitting layer. The light-emitting layer contains a light-emitting substance, a first organic compound, and a second organic compound. The first layer contains a third organic compound different from the first organic compound and the second organic compound. The light-emitting substance emits blue phosphorescent light. The third organic compound includes a bicarbazole skeleton and a heteroaromatic ring skeleton having one selected from a pyridine ring, a diazine ring, and a triazine ring.

Abstract: Provided is a novel light adjustment program that can make a human feel at ease. Provided is the light adjustment program that includes the steps of obtaining basic data having 1/f fluctuation characteristics; generating first smoothed data and second smoothed data by performing moving average processing with different periods on the basic data having 1/f fluctuation characteristics; generating light adjustment data by subjecting the first smoothed data and the second smoothed data to arithmetic processing; and changing luminance of a light-emitting device in time series in accordance with the light adjustment data.

Abstract: A novel light-emitting device that is highly convenient, useful, or reliable is provided. The light-emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a first unit, and a first layer. The first unit is positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode and contains a first light-emitting material. The first layer is positioned between the second electrode and the first unit and contains a first organic compound and a second organic compound. The first organic compound has an acid dissociation constant pKa larger than or equal to 8, and the second organic compound has no pyridine ring, no phenanthroline ring, or one phenanthroline ring.

Abstract: A novel organic compound, a benzofuropyrimidine derivative or a benzothienopyrimidine derivative is provided. The organic compound has a structure in which a benzothienocarbazolyl ring, a benzofurocarbazolyl ring, an indolocarbazolyl ring, or an indenocarbazolyl ring is bonded to the 8-position of a benzofuropyrimidine ring or a benzothienopyrimidine ring directly or through an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. That is, the organic compound is represented by General Formula (G1) below.

Abstract: Emission efficiency of a light-emitting element is improved. The light-emitting element has a pair of electrodes and an EL layer between the pair of electrodes. The EL layer includes a first light-emitting layer and a second light-emitting layer. The first light-emitting layer includes a fluorescent material and a host material. The second light-emitting layer includes a phosphorescent material, a first organic compound, and a second organic compound. An emission spectrum of the second light-emitting layer has a peak in a yellow wavelength region. The first organic compound and the second organic compound form an exciplex.