Abstract: A smell sensor includes an ion sensor in which a sensing section provided with a sensitive film configured to change a potential in accordance with a state of a measurement target is formed on a semiconductor substrate; a substance adsorption film disposed on the sensitive film and configured to change the state with adsorption of a smell substance; and a reference electrode configured to apply a reference voltage to the substance adsorption film. The reference electrode is disposed to be separated from the sensitive film and not to overlap the sensing section when viewed in a thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: To culture cells in a suspended state and easily recover the cultured cells. An additive for suspension culture according to an embodiment is a medium additive which is added to a medium for culturing cells in suspension, the medium additive containing a cellulose oligomer. A medium composition according to an embodiment is a medium composition capable of culturing cells in suspension, the medium composition containing a cellulose oligomer. A cell culture method according to an embodiment includes culturing cells in the medium composition.

Abstract: A method for producing a cellooligosaccharide that enables the formation of a cellooligosaccharide having a high degree of polymerization to be suppressed in enzymatic synthesis of a cellooligosaccharide, the method comprising reacting ?-glucose-1-phosphate and at least one primer selected from the group consisting of glucose, cellobiose, and alkylated glucose with cellodextrin phosphorylase in a mixed solvent containing water and a water-soluble organic solvent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biocompatible material improved in biocompatibility owing to adsorption of a peptide that has high adhesion with a resin and hardly separates from a surface of the resin, and a functional material including the biocompatible material. The biocompatible material includes a resin and a peptide adsorbed on the resin. The resin has methoxycarbonyl groups and methyl groups, and tryptophan or arginine accounts for 70% or more of amino acid residues in the peptide. As an alternative, the resin is a fluorinated resin, and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoro-phenylalanine, 3-(trifluoromethyl)alanine, serine, threonine, histidine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, or aspartic acid accounts for 40% or more of the amino acid residues in the peptide. The functional material includes the biocompatible material, and a functional substance. The functional substance is held on a surface of the biocompatible material or is released from the surface of the biocompatible material.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel carrier for enzyme immobilization and an immobilized enzyme. The carrier for enzyme immobilization according to an embodiment comprises a porous material and cellulose that has an amino group-containing substituent at an anomeric position and is immobilized on the porous material. The immobilized enzyme contains the carrier for enzyme immobilization and an enzyme immobilization on the cellulose. The carrier for enzyme immobilization is obtained by adding an acid to an aqueous solution in which cellulose having an amino group-containing substituent at an anomeric position is dissolved in an aqueous alkaline solution to deposit the cellulose in the presence of a porous material. The immobilized enzyme is obtained by immobilizing an enzyme on the cellulose.

Abstract: A method for producing a cellooligosaccharide that enables the formation of a cellooligosaccharide having a high degree of polymerization to be suppressed in enzymatic synthesis of a cellooligosaccharide, the method comprising reacting ?-glucose-1-phosphate and at least one primer selected from the group consisting of glucose, cellobiose, and alkylated glucose with cellodextrin phosphorylase in a mixed solvent containing water and a water-soluble organic solvent.

Abstract: Oxygen sensor element (ZrO.sub.2 solid electrolyte etc) for detecting oxygen concentration in an exhaust gas has a protective layer which is made of a heat-resistant metal oxide and which carries a component of a IIa subgroup element (Ca, Mg etc) on the side exposed to the exhaust gas of the sensor element, at least a part of the protective layer being present as a nonstoichiometric compound (Ti oxide etc) with respect to the heat-resistant metal oxide. Si-poisoning is prevented. Heater for heating the sensor element is provided for preventing Si-poisoning at low temperatures.

Abstract: Oxygen-sensor element comprises reference-gas-side and detection-gas-side electrodes on both surfaces of a solid-electrolyte body, and a porous protective layer on the surface of the detection-gas-side electrode, wherein at least a part (including at least a surface layer) of said porous protective layer is formed by a granular texture of a grain size of 0.1 to 0.5 .mu.m formed mainly of a nonstoichiometric compound of a transition metal oxide (TiO.sub.x), and a catalyst for having gas components of the gas to be measured react is carried in at least a part (including at least a surface layer) of the porous protective layer. Oxidation reaction of gas components is improved to prevent deterioration of the responsive property.

Abstract: Oxygen sensor for air-fuel ratio control is provided with a sensor element having an oxygen ion-conductive main body and electrodes on both sides thereof, and at least one porous protective layer covering the electrode on the exhaust gas side. The protective layer includes an oxygen storage component OSC without copresence of a noble metal catalyst. The protective layer is intermeshingly connected to the main body via spherical protrusions of the main body. Double-layered protective layer structure includes OSC noncontaining layer (optionally containing catalyst) and OSC containing layer, as inner and outer protective layer or vice versa. OSC containing layer is formed by impregnation with OSC-solution through immersing the respective porous protective layer, or by cosintering the OSC containing green coating layer. By impregnation 0.2-8 wt %, or by cosintering 0.2-30 wt %, of OSC metal element is containable. The outer protective layer is thinner and more porous than the inner protective layer.

Abstract: Oxygen sensor for air-fuel ratio control is provided with a sensor element having an oxygen ion-conductive main body and electrodes on both sides thereof, and at least one porous protective layer covering the electrode on the exhaust gas side. The protective layer includes an oxygen storage component OSC without copresence of a noble metal catalyst. The protective layer is intermeshingly connected to the main body via spherical protrusions of the main body. Double-layered protective layer structure includes OSC noncontaining layer (optionally containing catalyst) and OSC containing layer, as inner and outer protective layer or vice versa. OSC containing layer is formed by impregnation with OSC-solution through immersing the respective porous protective layer, or by cosintering the OSC containing green coating layer. By impregnation 0.2 -8 wt %, or by cosintering 0.2-30 wt %, of OSC metal element is containable. The outer protective layer is thinner and more porous than the inner protective layer.

Abstract: This invention provides apparatus for detecting abnormality of an oxygen sensor accurately and also apparatus for appropriately controlling the air/fuel ratio of air and fuel mixture when an oxygen sensor is abnormal. The apparatus easily and properly detects a deteriorating oxygen sensor, with the use of which exhaust of nitrogen oxides or carbon monoxide increases, and when the oxygen sensor is determined to deteriorate, the feed back control of the air/fuel ratio of air and fuel mixture supplied to an internal combustion engine is preferably performed.

Abstract: Deterioration detector system for catalyst in use for emission gas purifier, comprising; an emission passageway through which exhaust gas from internal combustion engine, passes by way of catalyst to facilitate the reducing and oxidizing reaction among the toxicant component of hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide; a sensor placed at the emission passageway to position downstream of the catalyst against the exhaust gas flow so as to generate an output in direct proportion to air-fuel ratio in the exhaust gas; an annunciator arranged to activate in response to the output of more than the predetermined level generated from the air- fuel ratio sensor.