Abstract: An optical connection switching according to the present invention comprises an optical connection switching facility capable of making a connection between any one of optical input ports and any one of optical output ports, one or more optical transmitting/receiving units connected to a portion of the optical input/output ports, and management control units for controlling the optical connection switching facility to make a connection between the optical input/output port connected to the optical transmitting/receiving unit and the optical input/output port connected to equipment for acquiring and managing information on the equipment by making a communication with the equipment through the use of the optical transmitting/receiving unit. This enables acquiring the information on the equipment having an optical communication interface to be optically connected, thereby automating the connection management of the equipment.

Abstract: A Raman amplifier for an optical transmission system. A light source unit generates pumping light to amplify wavelength-multiplexed signal light having a plurality of wavelengths including a wavelength band of the signal light. A transmission path propagates the signal light and the pumping light and amplifies the signal light. A pumping light supplying unit supplies the pumping light to the transmission path. A filter narrows a spread of a spectrum of the pumping light within the wavelength band of the signal light and outputs it to the pumping light supplying unit. The present invention increases transmission capacity while suppressing degradation of the transmission characteristic due to crosstalk.

Abstract: The optical switch, having a plurality of ports capable of switching optical signal routes in a network in the form of light, includes a detection means for detecting information in regard to the transmission condition of an optical signal passing through each port; and a control means for exchanging the transmission condition information between each switch and controlling the ports, so as to select one route from among a plurality of routes transmitting the optical signal based on the difference of transmission condition information between the relevant switches. The transmission condition information is the power of the optical signal. When the difference between each switch exists, or when at least one switch intervenes in the middle of the transmission route, by selecting a transmission route which minimizes accumulated differences among the switches, configuring a tree structure conventionally performed through manual operation can be set automatically in an optical network system.

Abstract: In the optical network system, light input to any of the optical input ports of the optical coupler is converted into light at another wavelength via a variable-wavelength optical receiver and an optical sender, and is then reinput to the optical coupler. This arrangement makes it possible to realize a full-mesh optical network system with a simple construction at low costs.

Abstract: An optical connection switching according to the present invention comprises an optical connection switching fabric capable of making a connection between any one of optical input ports and any one of optical output ports, one or more optical transceiving units connected to a part of the optical input/output ports, and a management control unit for controlling the optical connection switching fabric to make a connection between the optical input/output port connected to the optical transceiving unit and the optical input/output port connected to the equipment for acquiring and managing information on the equipment by making a communication with the equipment through the use of the optical transceiving unit. This enables acquiring the information on the equipment having an optical communication interface to be optically connected, thereby automating the connection management of the equipment.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide an optical transmission technology using Raman amplification wherein a supervisory signal transferred among a plurality of optical transmission apparatuses is superimposed on a main signal light by using a pumping light for Raman amplification. To this end, a Raman amplifier applied with the optical transmission method of the present invention, is provided with a supervisory signal superimposing section for superimposing a supervisory signal transferred among the optical transmission apparatuses on at least one of a plurality of pumping lights of different wavelengths to be supplied to a Raman amplification medium via a multiplexer from a pumping light generating section, thereby transmitting the main signal light propagated through the Raman amplification medium to be Raman amplified, which is superimposed with the supervisory signal.

Abstract: A plurality of pump light sources generate plural variations of pump light having different frequencies. A modulation circuit intensity-modulates the plural variations of pump light in the predetermined periods, respectively. A pump light pair whose frequency difference equals a Raman shift frequency are modulated such that they cannot simultaneously enters an emission state. A wavelength-multiplexer wavelength-multiplexes the plural variations of pump light modulated by the modulation circuit. A optical guide device guides the plural variations of pump light wavelength-multiplexed by the wavelength-multiplexer to an optical fiber.

Abstract: A variable optical attenuator for attenuating the signal light is provided in an optical fiber transmission line for transmission of signal light while performing Raman amplification, and the attenuation of the variable optical attenuator is adjusted based on the optical power detected at the reception terminal of the optical fiber transmission line.

Abstract: An alternating copolymer comprising a repeating unit of ?,?-organohydrogensiloxane residue (A) and a repeating unit of a glycerol derivative residue (B) having 1 to 11 hydroxyl groups, the copolymer having the number of a repeating unit (AB) of from 2 to 100.

Abstract: A plurality of Raman amplifiers are positioned on a transmission line over which a multi-wavelength light is transmitted. Each of the Raman amplifiers uses a plurality of pump lights &lgr;1 through &lgr;4. When a fault occurs in a pump light source producing the pump light &lgr;3 in a particular Raman amplifier among the plurality of Raman amplifiers, the power of the pump light &lgr;3 is raised in another or other Raman amplifiers.

Abstract: Subjects for the invention are to provide a nickel electrode material having a satisfactory tap density and capable of attaining a sufficient reduction in discharge reserve and a process for producing the nickel electrode material, and to provide a nickel electrode and an alkaline storage battery having a high capacity and excellent internal-pressure characteristics.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a Raman amplifier capable of easily reducing the wavelength deviation of a Raman gain while suppressing system performance degradation, and an optical transmission system using such a Raman amplifier.

Abstract: A span between an optical transmitting end station and an optical repeater node, a span between optical repeater nodes, a span between an optical repeater node and a receiving end station, and a span between an optical repeater node and a CN/OADM/HUB node are set as first dispersion compensation sections. Additionally, a span between the optical transmitting end station and a CN/OADM/HUB node, a span between CN/OADM/HUB nodes, and a span between a CN/OADM/HUB node and the receiving end station are set as second dispersion compensation sections. In the first dispersion compensation sections, dispersion compensation is made so that residual dispersion becomes a predetermined negative value. In the second dispersion compensation sections, dispersion compensation is made so that residual dispersion becomes a positive value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Raman amplification optical fiber and the like comprising a structure which can Raman-amplify signal light including a plurality of wavelength components at a high efficiency and effectively restrain signal waveforms from deteriorating due to influences of nonlinear optical phenomena, while improving the degree of freedom in the design of optical fiber transmission lines and Raman amplifiers. As characteristics at each wavelength of signal light, the Raman amplification optical fiber has a chromatic dispersion with an absolute value of 6 ps/nm/km or more but 20 ps/nm/km or less, and an effective area Aeff of 20 &mgr;m2 or less, preferably less than 15 &mgr;m2. More preferably, as a characteristic at each wavelength of signal light, the Raman amplification optical fiber has a Raman gain coefficient GR/Aeff of 0.005 (W·m)−1 or more.

Abstract: An optical transmission system that alleviates waveform distortions due to nonlinear effects in fibers. A transmitter sends WDM signals to a receiver over a dispersion-managed optical transmission line with in-line optical repeaters. The transmission line is divided into a plurality of dispersion compensation intervals each composed of a main segment and a compensation segment. Chromatic dispersion is managed such that the dispersion compensation intervals have a non-zero net dispersion at every boundary point between them, or such that the number of zero-dispersion boundary points is reduced. The main segment is a series of repeater sections with negative dispersion, while the compensation segment is a single repeater section with positive dispersion.

Abstract: In a numerical control system of the invention, a motor drive power converter 1a comprises input current determination means 12 for comparing an input current found by input current detection means 11 with an allowable current value with respect to less-than, equal-to, or greater-than relation, and acceleration/deceleration command change signal output means 13 for outputting a control signal to a drive unit 2a, 3a based on the determination result of the input current determination means 12. If the input current determination means 12 determines that input current Ii> allowable current value I0, acceleration/deceleration command generation means 15a, 15b of the drive unit 2a, 3a changes an acceleration/deceleration command (lessens the inclination of a speed command), thereby lowering the input current Ii.

Abstract: Preparations to be applied to the oral or nasal cavity which contain aminoethanesulfonic acid and a mucosal stimulant. When these preparations are applied to the oral or nasal cavity, aminoethanesulfonic acid can be quickly and efficiently absorbed via the activated oral or nasal mucosa. The administration of these preparations quickens recovery from fatigue.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide a WDM optical transmission system for effectively compensating such as wavelength dispersions of respective wavelength bands, by a simple constitution making use of a hybrid transmission path in case of transmitting a broadband WDM signal light containing a plurality of wavelength bands. To this end, wavelength dispersion characteristics of a hybrid transmission path utilizing a 1.3 &mgr;m zero-dispersion SMF and an RDF in the present WDM optical transmission system, are set such that compensation ratios of wavelength dispersion and dispersion slope become approximately 100% for a reference wavelength band which is one of a plurality of wavelength bands; and dispersion compensation fibers capable of compensating wavelength dispersions caused within the hybrid transmission path are inserted into propagation paths, respectively, within an optical amplifier, for the wavelength bands except for the reference wavelength band.

Abstract: The present invention aims at providing a Raman amplifier and an optical transmission system, capable of reducing characteristic deterioration to be caused by excitation lights mixedly existing within a wavelength band of signal lights. To this end, the Raman amplifier of the present invention comprises an excitation light source that generates excitation lights having a wavelength band overlapped with a wavelength band of the signal lights, a multiplexing unit that supplies the excitation lights to an optical transmission path, and an optical filter that suppresses optical components which are included in lights propagated through an optical transmission path and are of the same wavelengths as those of the excitation lights.

Abstract: A plurality of pump lights are appropriately located in a wavelength band &lgr;1 to &lgr;3. The width of the wavelength band &lgr;1 to &lgr;3 is wider than a Raman shift amount. Gain is obtained in a wavelength band &lgr;2 to &lgr;3 by the plurality of pump lights located in the wavelength band &lgr;1 to &lgr;2. Gain is obtained in a wavelength band &lgr;3 to &lgr;4 by the plurality of pump lights located in the wavelength band &lgr;2 to &lgr;3. As a result, gain can be obtained in a wavelength band &lgr;2 to &lgr;4. A plurality of signal lights are located in the wavelength band &lgr;2 to &lgr;4. The deviation of gain can be adjusted by controlling the power of each of the plurality of pump lights.