Abstract: Disclosed is a current-injection organic semiconductor laser diode comprising a pair of electrodes, an optical resonator structure, and one or more organic layers including a light amplification layer composed of an organic semiconductor, which has a sufficient overlap between the distribution of exciton density and the electric field intensity distribution of the resonant optical mode during current injection to emit laser light.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting device having a perovskite layer having a thickness of 50 nm or more has a low drive voltage and a high power efficiency, and can suppress interelectrode short-circuiting and current leakage.

Abstract: A paper sheet bundle processing apparatus. The apparatus receives a bundle of sheaves bound with large bands. Each sheaf within the bundle is bound with a small band. The bundle is moved to a band removing section where the large bands are removed. The bundle is then moved to a sheaf extracting section where each sheaf is extracted from the bundle one at a time. A band removing apparatus removes the small band from each sheaf thus allowing the paper sheets to be removed individually.

Abstract: A paper sheet processing apparatus for removing a strap from a sheaf formed by bundling a number of paper sheets with the strap. The paper sheet processing apparatus includes a strap cutter for cutting the strap of the sheaf, a strap scraping unit for penetrating between the paper sheets and the strap after the strap has been cut by the strap cutter and scraping out the strap from the sheaf, and separating unit for completely separating the strap from the sheaf. This paper sheet processing apparatus can be provided for sheaves of paper sheets and can execute a guaranteed removal of the strap which has been cut.