Abstract: The present invention relates to an alkaline etching agent for treating a surface of a semiconductor substrate for solar cells, containing at least one hydroxystyrene polymer represented by the general formula (1) and an alkaline agent. According to the present invention, some effects are exhibited that the texture formation is made possible to a semiconductor substrate for solar cells at relatively lower temperatures with a shorter amount of time, thereby having excellent productivity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an alkaline etching agent for treating a surface of a semiconductor substrate for solar cells, containing at least one hydroxystyrene polymer represented by the general formula (1) and an alkaline agent. According to the present invention, some effects are exhibited that the texture formation is made possible to a semiconductor substrate for solar cells at relatively lower temperatures with a shorter amount of time, thereby having excellent productivity.

Abstract: A palm oil of superior chromaticity and flavor and a manufacturing method therefor with which palm oil can be obtained with good yield even if a chemical refining method of alkaline deacidification is performed. Also a palm oil manufacturing method with which deodorized distillates wherein useful components have been highly concentrated can be obtained, the deodorized distillates and a manufacturing method therefor. Refined palm oil and deodorized distillates as by-product are manufactured with a manufacturing process flow including a process wherein the palm starting material is steamed within 24 hours of harvesting and then pressed to obtain crude palm oil, a subsequent refining process wherein the crude palm oil undergoes alkaline deacidification to obtain the alkaline deacidified palm oil, and a deodorizing process.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a production method for a purified ultraviolet absorbing agent having less odor, excellent safety, as well as improved hue, which has improved industrial productivity (production cost), fewer production processes, improved safety during production, and less effect on the environment. In order to achieve this object, the present invention provides a production method for a purified ultraviolet absorbing agent comprising an absorbent treatment process in which an ultraviolet absorbing agent is contacted directly with an absorbent without using a solvent.