Abstract: A power system includes an electric motor, a transmission, and a differential gear system. The transmission includes a first gear that is mechanically connected to the electric motor, a second gear that has a rotation axis in common with the first gear and is mechanically connected to a differential gear casing of the differential gear system, and a plurality of pinion gears that mesh with the first gear and the second gear. The plurality of pinion gears are supported to be capable of rotating and not to be capable of revolving. One pinion gear out of the plurality of pinion gears is only mechanically connected to a rotation restricting mechanism that is switchable between an operating state and a non-operating state. The rotation restricting mechanism restricts rotation of the pinion gear in the operating state, and permits the rotation of the pinion gear in the non-operating state.

Abstract: A power system includes an electric motor, a transmission, and a differential gear system. The transmission includes a first gear that is mechanically connected to the electric motor, a second gear that has a rotation axis in common with the first gear and is mechanically connected to a differential gear casing of the differential gear system, and a plurality of pinion gears that mesh with the first gear and the second gear. The plurality of pinion gears are supported to be capable of rotating and not to be capable of revolving. One pinion gear out of the plurality of pinion gears is only mechanically connected to a rotation restricting mechanism that is switchable between an operating state and a non-operating state. The rotation restricting mechanism restricts rotation of the pinion gear in the operating state, and permits the rotation of the pinion gear in the non-operating state.

Abstract: A driving force distribution apparatus for a four-wheel drive vehicle includes a hydraulic clutch, a spool, and a working-oil filling member. The spool is in an electromagnetic solenoid valve disposed in a hydraulic supply mechanism. The spool is slidably held in a sleeve and has one end biased by a plunger and the other end biased by a spring disposed in a damper chamber. A working oil is filled into the damper chamber through the working-oil filling member. The working-oil filling member is provided in the sleeve of the electromagnetic solenoid valve at an upper position in a direction of gravitational force above an oil surface of the working oil stored in the hydraulic supply mechanism.

Abstract: In a power transmission system, a ring gear of a first speed reducer and a ring gear of a second speed reducer are coupled to each other and have the same rotational axis. An engagement portion between the ring gear and a planetary gear is formed such that, when a first motor generates a rotational torque in the forward direction, a force acts on the ring gear in a direction approaching the second speed reducer in the rotational axis direction. An engagement portion between the ring gear and a planetary gear is formed such that, when a second motor generates a rotational torque in the forward direction, a force acts on the ring gear of the second speed reducer in a direction of approaching the first speed reducer in the rotational axis direction.

Abstract: In a power transmission system, a ring gear of a first speed reducer and a ring gear of a second speed reducer are coupled to each other and have the same rotational axis. An engagement portion between the ring gear and a planetary gear is formed such that, when a first motor generates a rotational torque in the forward direction, a force acts on the ring gear in a direction approaching the second speed reducer in the rotational axis direction. An engagement portion between the ring gear and a planetary gear is formed such that, when a second motor generates a rotational torque in the forward direction, a force acts on the ring gear of the second speed reducer in a direction of approaching the first speed reducer in the rotational axis direction.

Abstract: A driving force distribution apparatus for a four-wheel drive vehicle includes a hydraulic clutch, a spool, and a working-oil filling member. The spool is in an electromagnetic solenoid valve disposed in a hydraulic supply mechanism. The spool is slidably held in a sleeve and has one end biased by a plunger and the other end biased by a spring disposed in a damper chamber. A working oil is filled into the damper chamber through the working-oil filling member. The working-oil filling member is provided in the sleeve of the electromagnetic solenoid valve at an upper position in a direction of gravitational force above an oil surface of the working oil stored in the hydraulic supply mechanism.

Abstract: The driving force can be transmitted at the time of both acceleration and deceleration in an engaged state where a first engagement face of a strut is forced to protrude inside a cutaway of a gear. The driving force is transmitted at the time of acceleration and the transmission of the driving force can be cut off at the time of deceleration in a one-way state where the first engagement face of the strut and the cutaway of the gear are made either to engage with or to disengage from each other in accordance with the rotational direction of the gear relative to the rotational shaft. The transmission of the driving force can be cut off at the time of both acceleration and deceleration in a disengaged state where the first engagement face of the strut is forced to withdraw from the cutaway of the gear. In addition, the decreasing of the transmission efficiency caused by friction between the strut and the gear can be prevented.

Abstract: The driving force can be transmitted at the time of both acceleration and deceleration in an engaged state where a first engagement face of a strut is forced to protrude inside a cutaway of a gear. The driving force is transmitted at the time of acceleration and the transmission of the driving force can be cut off at the time of deceleration in a one-way state where the first engagement face of the strut and the cutaway of the gear are made either to engage with or to disengage from each other in accordance with the rotational direction of the gear relative to the rotational shaft. The transmission of the driving force can be cut off at the time of both acceleration and deceleration in a disengaged state where the first engagement face of the strut is forced to withdraw from the cutaway of the gear. In addition, the decreasing of the transmission efficiency caused by friction between the strut and the gear can be prevented.

Abstract: Provided is a transmission in which gears of a first-speed to a seventh-speed shift stages are relatively rotatably supported on an outer circumference of a rotational shaft with clutch mechanisms. A desired shift stage is achieved by selectively engaging or disengaging the clutch mechanisms by moving, in an axial direction, the slide cam disposed inside the rotational shaft. While the slide cam is formed into a cylindrical shape, a cylinder, as an actuator, is disposed in a space inside the cylindrical slide cam. Oil chambers are formed inside the cylinder respectively to sandwich a piston therebetween. Oil pressure is supplied to the oil chambers to move the slide cam in the axial direction. The provided transmission with such a configuration has a smaller size than a transmission with the actuator disposed outside the slide cam.

Abstract: The invention is related to a method for assembling a power transfer apparatus for selectively changing the speed of the output shaft relative to the speed of the input shaft. The method includes assembling an oil pump driving pin to the output shaft, assembling an oil pump sub-assembly, assembling a planetary carrier sub-assembly to the pump cover of the oil pump sub-assembly, assembling a clutch sub-assembly to the planetary carrier, assembling a transmission brake to the clutch sub-assembly in such a manner that the brake inner hub is coupled with the clutch piston, inserting the input shaft so as to fit in the first sun gear at the first spline and the clutch sub-assembly at the second spline, respectively and assembling a front case sub-assembly having bearings for rotatably bearing the input shaft and an actuator for actuating the transmission brake to the differential.

Abstract: An electromagnetic brake, interposed between a stationary housing and a rotational member, includes a multi-plate brake mechanism, a ring-like core member fixed within the housing, an exciting coil accommodated in a groove in the core member, and a ring-like armature disposed so as to confront the annular groove in the core member. The electromagnetic brake includes a cylindrical press member which having one end fixed to an outer circumferential portion of the armature and the other end engaged with the multi-plate brake mechanism and fitted on the core member, and also a cylindrical guide member having one end fixed to an inner circumferential portion of the armature and the other end fitted in the core member so that the armature is guided by the core member so as to move in the direction in which the multi-plate brake mechanism is pressed.

Abstract: An electromagnetic brake, interposed between a stationary housing and a rotational member, includes a multi-plate brake mechanism, a ring-like core member fixed within the housing, an exciting coil accommodated in a groove in the core member, and a ring-like armature disposed so as to confront the annular groove in the core member. The electromagnetic brake includes a cylindrical press member which having one end fixed to an outer circumferential portion of the armature and the other end engaged with the multi-plate brake mechanism and fitted on the core member, and also a cylindrical guide member having one end fixed to an inner circumferential portion of the armature and the other end fitted in the core member so that the armature is guided by the core member so as to move in the direction in which the multi-plate brake mechanism is pressed.

Abstract: The invention is relates a method for assembling a power transfer apparatus for selectively changing the speed of the output shaft relative to the speed of the input shaft. The method includes assembling an oil pump driving pin to the output shaft, assembling an oil pump sub-assembly, assembling a planetary carrier sub-assembly to the pump cover of the oil pump sub-assembly, assembling a clutch sub-assembly to the planetary carrier, assembling a transmission brake to the clutch sub-assembly in such a manner that the brake inner hub is coupled with the clutch piston, inserting the input shaft so as to fit in the first sun gear at the first sprine and the clutch sub-assembly at the second sprine, respectively and assembling a front case sub-assembly having bearings for rotatably bearing the input shaft and an actuator for actuating the transmission brake to the differential.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for measuring elongation in a contactless manner capable of obtaining accurate measured value without attaching reference lines and capable of being automated, wherein laser beams are irradiated from two sensor sections each comprising a laser projector and a CCD camera to prescribed reference line positions at two positions on a test specimen, laser reflection lights are photographed respectively as speckle patterns each comprising a plurality of fringes respectively by the CCD cameras, the fringes at predetermined positions the speckle patterns are recognized on the coordinate of the CCD camera screens as targets correspondingly to the prescribed reference line positions at two positions respectively, and the moving amount on the pixel unit basis on the coordinate of the target fringes that move in accordance with the elongation of the test specimen are detected respectively to determine the elongation information of the test specimen, the fringes of the speckle patterns photographed by

Abstract: Method and apparatus for measuring elongation in a contactless manner capable of obtaining accurate measured value without attaching reference lines and capable of being automated, laser beams are irradiated from two sensor sections each has a laser projector and a CCD camera to prescribed reference line positions at two positions on a test specimen, laser reflection lights are photographed respectively as speckle patterns with a plurality of fringes respectively by the CCD cameras, the fringes at predetermined positions the speckle patterns are recognized on the coordinate of the CCD camera screens as targets correspondingly to the prescribed reference line positions at two positions respectively, and the moving amount on the pixel unit basis on the coordinate of the target fringes that move in accordance with the elongation of the test specimen are detected respectively to determine the elongation information of the test specimen, the fringes of the speckle patterns photographed by the CCD cameras may be im