Abstract: A charge and discharge circuit and a battery pack, both capable of voluntarily perform proper switching between a charge operation and a discharge operation of a secondary battery according to various situations, are provided. The charge and discharge circuit of a secondary battery is one capable of charging the secondary battery E2 by a power source voltage and of supplying power from the secondary battery E2 to an external device 3.

Abstract: Provided is a bidirectional converter which has flexibility to be applicable in various conditions and performs stable switching of operation mode at high efficiency. An electronic device which supplies power in various conditions and operates with excellent efficiency is also provided. An electronic device is provided with a bidirectional converter, which has a reactor and four switches between power supply input terminals and a secondary battery, and a system circuit is supplied with an operation voltage through the bidirectional converter. A status signal indicating the operation status of the system circuit is transmitted to a microcomputer of the bidirectional converter, and based on the status signal, switching of operation mode of the bidirectional converter is controlled.

Abstract: There is provided a charging power source apparatus by which quick charging can be carried out within a required range without imposing a burden on a secondary battery or a charging circuit. The charging power source apparatus is equipped with a plurality of control modes (e.g. normal charging mode and quick charging mode) for operating respectively with a plurality of output characteristics where the magnitudes of output currents being limited are different, and a detecting circuit for detecting a voltage appearing between the output terminals, and is configured such that one of the plurality of control modes is selected based on detection result from the detection circuit to perform an output operation.

Abstract: To provide an optical filter for a display which can be easily prepared, which is thin and light, which has excellent electromagnetic wave shielding property and antireflection property, and which scarcely suffers from occurrence of interference fringe. An optical filter for display comprising at least one transparent film, a mesh-shaped conductive layer provided on the one transparent film, and a hard coat layer provided on the mesh-shaped conductive layer, wherein an intermediate layer is further provided between the transparent film and the mesh-shaped conductive layer, and the intermediate layer has refractive index of 1.60 to 1.80 and contact angle of 70 to 100 degrees.

Abstract: A charge and discharge circuit and a battery pack, both capable of voluntarily perform proper switching between a charge operation and a discharge operation of a secondary battery according to various situations, are provided. The charge and discharge circuit of a secondary battery is one capable of charging the secondary battery E2 by a power source voltage and of supplying power from the secondary battery E2 to an external device 3.

Abstract: Provided is a bidirectional converter which has flexibility to be applicable in various conditions and performs stable switching of operation mode at high efficiency. An electronic device which supplies power in various conditions and operates with excellent efficiency is also provided. An electronic device is provided with a bidirectional converter, which has a reactor and four switches between power supply input terminals and a secondary battery, and a system circuit is supplied with an operation voltage through the bidirectional converter. A status signal indicating the operation status of the system circuit is transmitted to a microcomputer of the bidirectional converter, and based on the status signal, switching of operation mode of the bidirectional converter is controlled.

Abstract: Provided is an electronic system wherein power is accurately supplied even with a power delivery line resistance and a connector contact resistance, and furthermore, a plurality of electronic devices having requiring different power supply voltages can be handled with one power supply device. The electronic system is provided with an electronic device (50), and a power supply device (10) which is arranged to be connected/removed to and from the electronic device (50) and supplies power through a cable when connected. The electronic device (50) is provided with a first detection circuit (51) for performing detection relating to the supply amount of the power supply and outputting a first detection signal, and a control signal terminal.

Abstract: To reduce power loss during standby. In a switching power supply device using a first power supply circuit (11) having a small output and a second power supply circuit (12) having a large output, the first power supply circuit (11) is continuously kept in an operating state and the second power supply circuit (12) is started by using an electric power generated in the first power supply circuit (11).

Abstract: The present invention provides a highly safe charging circuit with which overcharge of a secondary battery will never occur even when a failure occurs in a transistor or the like that controls the charging voltage or charging current or when a protection circuit does not operate normally. In a secondary battery charging circuit 4 that charges a secondary battery E2 with an input power source voltage, the power source voltage is set to a voltage (e.g. 4.0 V) that is lower than the full-charge voltage (e.g. 4.2 V) of the secondary battery. When the voltage of the secondary battery E2 is lower than the power source voltage, a constant current circuit operates to perform constant current charging without voltage step-up, and when the voltage of the secondary battery E2 is higher than the power source voltage and lower than the full-charge voltage, a voltage step-up circuit operates to perform constant current charging with voltage step-up.

Abstract: To reduce power loss during standby. In a switching power supply device using a first power supply circuit (11) having a small output and a second power supply circuit (12) having a large output, the first power supply circuit (11) is continuously kept in an operating state and the second power supply circuit (12) is started by using an electric power generated in the first power supply circuit (11).

Abstract: Disclosed is a power source apparatus including: a connector for outputting electric power, wherein the apparatus performs power output through a cable connected to the connector, a power source circuit capable of changing an output thereof; a control circuit to perform output control of the power source circuit; and a first detection circuit including an input terminal for detection connected to wiring on a side of a tip of the cable to perform detection pertaining to an output quantity of electric power, wherein the output control is performed based on a detection signal of the first detection circuit, the detection signal fed back to the control circuit.

Abstract: [Problem to be Solved] To provide an optical filter for display which can be easily prepared, which is thin and light, which has excellent electromagnetic wave shielding property and antireflection property, and which scarcely suffers from occurrence of interference fringe. [Means for Solving Problem] An optical filter for display comprising at least one transparent film, a mesh-shaped conductive layer provided on the one transparent film, and a hard coat layer provided on the mesh-shaped conductive layer, wherein an intermediate layer is further provided between the transparent film and the mesh-shaped conductive layer, and the intermediate layer has refractive index of 1.60 to 1.80 and contact angle of 70 to 100 degrees.

Abstract: Provided is a charging system wherein a voltage and a current can be accurately supplied from a power supply device even with a cable wiring resistance and a connector contact resistance, and the power supply device can be commonly used even for a plurality of kinds of electronic circuit devices whereupon different secondary cells are mounted. The charging system is provided with an electronic circuit device (50) having a secondary cell (E2), and a power supply device (10) which can be connected/removed to and from the electronic circuit device and supplies power for charging the secondary cell when connected. In the charging system, a detection signal for charge control is transmitted from the electronic circuit device (50) to the power supply device (10), and the control circuit (12) controls output from an SW power supply circuit (11) based on the detection signal.

Abstract: A digital camera has a display such as an LCD. A viewfinder image obtained by a CCD before photographing is displayed on the display, and a pointer which can be moved up, down, right and left by operation of the user is displayed so as to be superimposed on the viewfinder image. A histogram indicative of a luminance distribution of the whole viewfinder image and a marker indicative of luminance of a pixel of a portion designated by the pointer are displayed so as to be superimposed on the viewfinder image. By displaying the marker, the user can grasp luminance information of a part of the viewfinder image.

Abstract: An axle drive unit for facilitating maintenance, such as replacement or cleaning of an oil filter for filtering operating oil. The present invention uses the interior of the housing of the axle drive unit as an oil sump. The axle drive unit has a hydrostatic transmission for driving axles and operating oil supply means for supplying the operating oil to the transmission. A plug-in bore is open at the side wall of the housing opposite to a suction port of the operating oil supply means. The oil filter is inserted into the housing through the plug-in bore and connected to the suction port. The plug-in bore is covered with a cover member for freely opening and shutting the bore. Such construction enables a worker, when inspecting or replacing the oil filter, to remove the cover member from the side wall of the housing while the axle drive unit is being loaded on a vehicle. The oil filter can simply be inserted or removed through the open plug-in bore.

Abstract: An axle driving apparatus has in a housing a hydrostatic transmission with a variable displacement type hydraulic system having a slantingly movable swash plate. In one embodiment, the movable swash plate is manually slantingly operable. A leg member integrally extends from an inner wall of the housing, a lid for closing an opening of the housing, or a center section. The leg member has a support portion for supporting a shaft provided on an axis of rotation of the movable swash plate. Accordingly, the movable swash plate is suspended in the housing for slanting or pivoting movement.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing oxazopyrroloquinolines which comprises culturing microorganisms to produce pyrroloquinolinequinone and adding .alpha.-amino acids or monomethylamine to the resulting culture broth which contains the pyrroloquinolinequinone and from which cells of microorganisms are not separated, thereby to convert the pyrroloquinolinequinone to the corresponding oxazopyrroloquinolines. The thus obtained oxazopyrroloquinolines include novel compounds. The present invention further provides aldose reductase inhibitors, diabetic combined disease curing agents, immunopotentiating agents and liver disease inhibiting agents which contain as active ingredient these oxazopyrroloquinolines having excellent physiological activity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing oxazopyrroloquinolines which comprises culturing microorganisms to produce pyrroloquinolinequinone and adding .alpha.-amino acids or monomethylamine to the resulting culture broth which contains the pyrroloquinolinequinone and from which cells of microorganisms are not separated, thereby to convert the pyrroloquinolinequinone to the corresponding oxazopyrroloquinolines.The thus obtained oxazopyrroloquinolines include novel compounds.The present invention further provides aldose reductase inhibitors, diabetic combined disease curing agents, immunopotentiating agents and liver disease inhibiting agents which contain as active ingredient these oxazopyrroloquinolines having excellent physiological activity.

Abstract: An appliance holder comprises an electrically insulative housing defining a first cavity for receiving an electrical appliance and a second cavity for receiving a pair of electrical wires, and electrically conductive contacts for operatively connecting the electrical appliance and the pair of wires. The appliance holder additionally includes a generally U-shaped clip of electrically insulative resilient material. The clip defines a pair of legs and a bight connecting the legs, the bight and legs being configured and dimensioned to pass around a plurality of other electrical wires. The free ends of the legs are received within and releasably engage the housing for integrating the clip, the appliance holder, the pair of wires, the other electrical wires, and the electrical appliance for movement as a unit.

Abstract: An axle driving apparatus has in a housing a hydrostatic transmission with a variable displacement type hydraulic system having a slantingly movable swash plate. In one embodiment, the movable swash plate is manually slantingly operable. A leg member integrally extends from an inner wall of the housing, a lid for closing an opening of the housing, or a center section. The leg member has a support portion for supporting a shaft provided on an axis of rotation of the movable swash plate. Accordingly, the movable swash plate is suspended in the housing for slanting or pivoting movement.