Abstract: A method for forming a film comprising a first process and a second process, the first process comprising the steps of: supplying a discharge gas to a first discharge space where high frequency electric field A is generated at or near atmospheric pressure, whereby the discharge gas is excite; transferring energy of the excited discharge gas to a film forming gas, whereby the film forming gas is excited; and exposing a substrate to the film forming gas to form a film on the substrate, and the second process comprising the steps of: supplying a gas containing an oxidizing gas to a second discharge space where high frequency electric field B is generated at or near atmospheric pressure, whereby the gas containing the oxidizing gas is excite; and the film formed in the first process is exposed to the excited gas containing the oxidizing gas.

Abstract: A layer forming method is disclosed which comprises the steps of supplying power of not less than 1 W/cm2 at a high frequency voltage exceeding 100 kHz across a gap between a first electrode and a second electrode opposed to each other at atmospheric pressure or at approximately atmospheric pressure to induce a discharge, generating a reactive gas in a plasma state by the charge, and exposing a substrate to the reactive gas in a plasma state to form a layer on the substrate.

Abstract: A layer forming method is disclosed which comprises the steps of supplying power of not less than 1 W/cm2 at a high frequency voltage exceeding 100 kHz across a gap between a first electrode and a second electrode opposed to each other at atmospheric pressure or at approximately atmospheric pressure to induce a discharge, generating a reactive gas in a plasma state by the charge, and exposing a substrate to the reactive gas in a plasma state to form a layer on the substrate.

Abstract: A layer forming method is disclosed which comprises the steps of supplying power of not less than 1 W/cm2 at a high frequency voltage exceeding 100 kHz across a gap between a first electrode and a second electrode opposed to each other at atmospheric pressure or at approximately atmospheric pressure to induce a discharge, generating a reactive gas in a plasma state by the charge, and exposing a substrate to the reactive gas in a plasma state to form a layer on the substrate.

Abstract: A layer forming method is disclosed which comprises the steps of supplying power of not less than 1 W/cm2 at a high frequency voltage exceeding 100 kHz across a gap between a first electrode and a second electrode opposed to each other at atmospheric pressure or at approximately atmospheric pressure to induce a discharge, generating a reactive gas in a plasma state by the charge, and exposing a substrate to the reactive gas in a plasma state to form a layer on the substrate.

Abstract: A transparent conductive layer forming method is disclosed which comprises the steps of introducing a reactive gas to a discharge space, exciting the reactive gas in a plasma state by discharge at atmospheric pressure or at approximately atmospheric pressure, and exposing a substrate to the reactive gas in a plasma state to form a transparent conductive layer on the substrate, wherein the reactive gas comprises a reducing gas.

Abstract: A layer forming method is disclosed which comprises the steps of supplying power of not less than 1 W/cm2 at a high frequency voltage exceeding 100 kHz across a gap between a first electrode and a second electrode opposed to each other at atmospheric pressure or at approximately atmospheric pressure to induce a discharge, generating a reactive gas in a plasma state by the charge, and exposing a substrate to the reactive gas in a plasma state to form a layer on the substrate.

Abstract: A layer forming method is disclosed which comprises the steps of supplying power of not less than 1 W/cm2 at a high frequency voltage exceeding 100 kHz across a gap between a first electrode and a second electrode opposed to each other at atmospheric pressure or at approximately atmospheric pressure to induce a discharge, generating a reactive gas in a plasma state by the charge, and exposing a substrate to the reactive gas in a plasma state to form a layer on the substrate.

Abstract: An optical element, comprises a silicon based resin satisfying following three conditional formulas: (1) (number of silicon atoms residing as R1SiO3/2 in the silicon based resin)/(total number of silicon atoms in the silicon based resin)≧0, (2) (number of silicon atoms residing as SiO4/2 in the silicon based resin)/(total number of silicon atoms in the silicon based resin)≧0, (3) {(number of silicon atoms residing as R1SiO3/2 in the silicon based resin)+(number of silicon atoms residing as SiO4/2 in the silicon based resin)}×100/(total number of silicon atoms in the silicon based resin)≧10%, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a halogen atom or an organic group.

Abstract: A vehicle electronic control unit (ECU) prevents its power supply from being cut off while it is in the process of re-programming data in a re-programmable nonvolatile memory. An ECU includes a microcomputer which, after receiving a re-program request from a re-programming device, determines if an identification code in a flash memory and an identification code from the re-programming device match. If the codes do match, the microcomputer executes re-program processing for overwriting all the data in the flash memory, including a control program. The ECU is supplied with power from a battery by way of a main relay whose contacts are closed when a vehicle ignition switch (IGSW) is turned on or when a drive signal is applied to the relay. When the IGSW starts to operate, the microcomputer outputs the drive signal to the main relay and, when it completes re-program processing and the IGSW is off, the microcomputer stops outputting the drive signal.

Abstract: A secure encrypted data communication system between IC cards inserted in respective terminals. In order to encrypt plain text sent from a first terminal to a second terminal, a first IC card (51) receives a random number (r1) generated by a second IC card (52), and uses the number together with a secret key (ka) to generate a session key (ks1). The second IC card receives identification information (IDa) from the first IC card, and uses that information together with a master key (km) to obtain the secret key (ka), which is then used together with the random number to generate the same session key (ks1). Encryption of plain text sent from the second terminal to the first terminal can be done in a similar manner using a random number (r2) generated by the first IC card, and the identification information (IDb) of the second IC card.

Abstract: The invention is related to blow-molded nylon products comprising 40-95 parts by weight nylon 46, 3-40 parts by weight nylon 6, nylon 66 and/or nylon 6/66 and 2-40 parts by weight of an acid or epoxy modified polyolefin. Blow moldability and impact resistance are improved without deterioration of high temperature resistance and mechanical strength.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is disclosed which comprises a support and a magnetic recording layer provided on said support, said magnetic recording layer containing a polycarbonate polyurethane obtained by the reaction of a polycarbonatepolyol of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbons having 4 to 12 carbon atoms and aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of not larger than 50 with a polyisocyanate containing a plurality of isocyanate groups and, if necessary, a polyol.In a preferred form of the invention, the layer also contains, as a dispersant, a compound of the formula ##STR2## wherein A is hydroxyl, --OM, or ##STR3## M being an alkali metal and n is an integer from 1 to 30.

Abstract: During analysis, sensors are connected to portions of an engine and thereabout and a starter driven by an auxiliary battery incorporated in a system. An engine of a motor car and electrical systems thereabout are automatically diagnosed by use of a computer to discriminate the good or bad condition thereof, whereby the results of diagnosis are outputted as a print out and a fault point or points is indicated by an indicating device. The indicating device successively shows in graphic display the contents of working performed by a worker in the predetermined order of working. Additionally, an engine drive control section automatically sets the analyzer in one of modes including an engine stopped mode, a cranking driven mode, an idling operation mode and the like in accordance with point or points of diagnosis of the vehicle being diagnosed.

Abstract: Waste tires are used in production of cement using a rotary kiln for saving the use of fuel by feeding waste tires as such or crushed waste tire pieces to the position where the temperature of the exhaust gas in this apparatus is 600.degree.-1,400.degree. C. in an amount of not more than 60% of the total used fuel calculated as heat energy.