Abstract: An object is to provide a terminal device, a communication method, and a communication system which are capable of acquiring accurate optical ID information regardless of the position of the terminal device and the light receiving angle. The terminal device, the communication method, and the communication system according to the present invention each sets a threshold value for the illuminance of a received optical signal by using a moving average method, a weighted moving average method, or an exponential moving average, so that the optical signal can be binarized with a threshold value according to a change in the position of the terminal device, the light receiving angle, or the like. Information from other sensors may be used to set the threshold value.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a terminal device, a communication method, and a communication system which are capable of reducing the error rate even if the transmitting side and the receiving side are asynchronous. The terminal device, communication method, and communication system according to the present invention sample an optical signal more finely than a 0/1 bit pattern in optical ID estimation processing for determining which of 1/0 the data acquired by an optical sensor is, and perform a majority decision using a plurality of sampling values in a decision processing window. Thus, even if the correct sampling value fails to be obtained, the correct bit value can be derived from other samplings.

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to inform a user of a safe evacuation guidance route in real time using smart lightings without deploying dedicated evacuation guidance facilities. The present disclosure is a wireless communication system including: one or more wireless base stations that wirelessly communicate with a terminal; a plurality of optical base stations that transmit an optical signal to the terminal; and a base station control device that controls the optical signal transmitted by the optical base stations, wherein the base station control device collects environment information around the optical base stations, detects a disaster around the optical base stations using the collected environment information, and when detecting a disaster, causes the optical base station installed at a position close to a disaster occurrence location and the optical base station installed at a position far from the disaster occurrence location to output light of different colors.

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to make already installed smart lightings available as optical base stations as they are without modifying them, and perform connection/authentication control for RF communication using an optical signal sent out from the optical base stations.

Abstract: A biomarker for determining Kawasaki disease is identified by lipidomic analysis and mass spectrometry. With the use of the biomarker, we develop and provide a kit and a method capable of directly and objectively determining whether the subject suspected of having Kawasaki disease suffers from Kawasaki disease. A kit for determining Kawasaki disease, the kit including LOX-1 protein and/or part thereof having LAB-binding ability, the protein or part thereof being immobilized on a surface of a base material, is provided.

Abstract: Each channel of an input interface circuit for suppressing noise contained in input signals to a CPU (microcomputer) of an automobile includes: a level determining circuit for shaping the waveform; a clock circuit for generating sampling clock pulses; a sequential memory circuit, clocked by the clock pulses, for sampling the output levels of the level determining circuit and storing at least two successive output levels; and a resetting circuit which is set when all the levels stored in the sequential memory circuit are high, and which is reset when all the levels stored in the sequential memory circuit are low. The noise pulses contained in the output of level determining circuit are thus effectively removed.

Abstract: A vehicle control apparatus prevents an unnecessary operation of an electric radiator fan motor 16 when a key switch 17 is turned on. The apparatus includes a main controller in the form of a microcomputer 6 for controlling the motor. A reset element 5 operates to reset the main controller for a predetermined time after the key switch is turned on. An auxiliary controller 9 controls the motor in place of the main controller when the main controller is abnormal. A switch 8 is provided for performing switching between a first condition in which the motor is controlled by the main controller and a second condition in which the motor is controlled by the auxiliary controller. An abnormality detector 7 detects an abnormality of the main controller and switches over the switch into the second condition when there is an abnormality of the main controller. An AND gate 10 is provided for disabling the output of the auxiliary controller during the time when the main controller is reset by the reset element.

Abstract: The output of a water temperature sensor is converted into a voltage signal by a first set of resistors. The voltage signal is then converted into a digital signal, which is supplied to a microcomputer for various controls. If the first set of resistors is so set that the voltage change provides optimum representation of temperature variations in a low-temperature range, the measuring accuracy in a high-temperature range becomes degraded. To improve the accuracy in the high-temperature range, the signal from the water temperature sensor is converted into a voltage signal through a second set of resistors--which is optimumly adjusted for the high-temperature range--by turning on a transistor. Thus, the sensor signal-voltage conversion means can be switched between the two conversion characteristics according to whether the temperature being measured is in the low- or high-temperature range, thereby providing high measuring accuracy in a wide range of temperatures.

Abstract: An idling engine speed controlling apparatus for an engine having a generator driven by an engine to charge a battery, a switching means for controlling the supply and interruption of an exciting current to a field winding for the generator so that a voltage generated from the generator or a voltage of a battery becomes a predetermined level, a continuous detecting means for detecting a total excitation time of the field winding during each rotational time period, and a regulator means having a control unit responsive to an output of continuous detecting means for adjusting a quantity of intake air supplied to the engine by detecting an excitation time of the field winding for each time period of the engine.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring an air flow intake of an internal combustion engine which comprises an air flow sensor for measuring the level of the air flow intake and an interface circuit for receiving an output signal from the sensor. The air flow sensor includes a current output circuit which outputs a current corresponding to the level of the air flow intake as the output signal of the sensor, and the interface circuit includes a current to voltage converter which converts the current from the sensor into a voltage signal and outputs it to an A/D converter included in a fuel injection unit.

Abstract: A fuel controller for an internal combustion engine senses misfiring in an engine cylinder by sensing changes in the rotational speed of the engine between prescribed crankshaft angles due to a reduction in torque when misfiring occurs. When misfiring occurs, the supply of fuel to the misfiring cylinder is cut off for a prescribed number of engine rotations and then the supply of fuel is restarted. A warning indicator is turned on as long as misfiring is detected by the misfiring sensor.

Abstract: A fuel controller for an internal combustion engine has a crank angle sensor which generates a cylinder recognition signal corresponding to a prescribed cylinder of the engine. If a microcomputer 12 determines that the cylinder recognition signal has not changed during the occurrence of a prescribed number of changes in the level of a crank angle signal, the cylinder recognition signal is determined to be abnormal and fuel injectors of the engine are not actuated if the engine has been running for at least a prescribed length of time, thereby cutting off the supply of fuel to the engine.

Abstract: An engine control method for a vehicle is disclosed in which operation of an engine is optimally controlled in an entire operating range thereof without causing any undesirable delay in control operation. To this end, operating conditions of the engine are sensed through the use of various sensors and control signals are calculated based on the sensed engine operating conditions in a plurality of steps through the use of a microcomputer so that the operation of the engine is optimized by the use of the control signals thus calculated. In one embodiment, a first step and a second step of the plurality of steps are alternately calculated and omitted every other time the control signals are calculated while an operating parameter of the engine operates in a specified operating range in which variations in the sensed operating conditions of the engine are limited.

Abstract: A fuel control system for an internal combustion engine for controlling fuel supply rate on the basis of the output signal of a vortex flowmeter having variable-frequency filter means, capable of accurately measuring intake air flow to control the fuel supply rate accurately avoiding the erroneous measurement of noises generated during the rapid deceleration of the engine in which the throttle valve is shut. The fuel supply system has operating mode detecting means for detecting the operating mode of the engine, and passband fixing means for fixing the passband of the variable-frequency filter means at a predetermined passband when the operating mode detecting means detects that the engine is in a predetermined deceleration mode.

Abstract: An engine control apparatus which is constructed with a cylinder discrimination sensor for generating cylinder discrimination signal, a crank angle sensor for generating crank angle signal, a fuel injection valve provided in each cylinder of the engine, an ignition coil provided in correspondence to each and every cylinder, a flip-flop which functions to reverse in synchronism with ignition timing, misfire detector for detecting the state of misfire in each cylinder, and an engine control section for controlling the fuel injection valve and the ignition coil in correspondence to each cylinder upon receipt of the cylinder discrimination signal and the crank angle signal and for closing the fuel injection valve of the misfired cylinder upon receipt of the misfire detection signal.

Abstract: A fuel controller for an internal combustion engine has a Karman vortex air flow sensor for sensing the air flow rate into the air intake pipe of the engine and producing an electrical output signal having a frequency which is proportional to the air flow rate. A load sensor determines the air flow rate into an air intake pipe based on the output of the air flow sensor. A determining mechanism determines whether the output of the air flow sensor is reliable. A calculator calculates the actual air intake rate into the engine according to a first formula which employs the most recent output of the load sensor when the determining mechanism determines that the output of the air flow sensor is reliable, and it calculates the actual air intake rate according to a second formula which ignores the most recent output of the air flow sensor when the determining mechanism determines that the output of the air flow sensor is not reliable.

Abstract: An ignition timing control device for an internal combustion engine includes a load detector for detecting a load on the engine, an engine-revolution detector for detecting a number of revolution of the engine, a cylinder discrimination signal generator for generating cylinder discrimination signals, an operating device for operating the optimum ignition timing for the engine based on the outputs from the load detector and the engine-revolution detector, a drive signal generator for generating drive signals corresponding to the ignition timing for each of the ignition coils provided in each cylinder, and a distributor for distributing the drive signal to each of the ignition coils in an appropriate sequence on the basis of the cylinder discrimination signal. The distributor is provided with a distribution sequence maintaining device for maintaining the distribution sequence of the drive signal, even when the cylinder discrimination signal is stopped.

Abstract: A fuel control apparatus for an internal combustion engine comprises an crank angle sensor producing a crank angle signal at a predetermined crank angle in the engine, an intake air quantity detector for detecting the quantity of intake air sucked in the engine, an injector for injecting fuel to an engine cylinder, and a control means for actuating the injector at a driving time in response to the quantity of intake air and at a timing determined by the crank angle signal, wherein a period calculating means calculates the next period on the basis of the previous period and the present period in the crank angle signal and an injection-initiating time control means controls a time to actuate the injector in accordance with the next period of the crank angle signal.

Abstract: An output of a knocking discriminator is integrated by an integrator and the integrated value is reset by a resetting device in response to the operation in the ignition timing. The resetting operation of the resetting device is caused when both a cylinder pulse signal and an output signal from a micro-computer are inputted, and the resetting operation is cancelled when at least one of the signals disappears.

Abstract: A video finder in a single-lens reflex camera comprises a finder eyepiece, a penta roof prism disposed between the eyepiece and a focusing screen, a beam splitter disposed between the penta roof prism and the finder eyepiece, an image-forming optical system for forming a light image from the split beam and an image pickup device for forming a video signal corresponding to the light image formed by the image-forming optical system.