Abstract: A separator (1), electrode (2) and collector (3), each made of a polygonal sheet, are stacked up in a multi-layer serial arrangement of [{fraction (3/2)}/½] sub n/3, with the provision of a through-hole in the respective sheets in the corresponding position for passage of a liquid. The stack is accommodated in a housing (8) so that it may be compressed from both sides at a pressure 0.5 kg per cubic meter G by tightening a retainer (4) which doubles as a cover. The liquid to be treated is passed through the capacitor through an inlet and outlet (5).

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a flow-through, electric, double-layer capacitor providing for a high, steady rate of removal of ionic substances and amenable to commercial scale application and a method of treating fluids using the flow-through electric double-layer capacitor. The invention is a planar, flow-through, electric, double-layer capacitor comprising a separator (1) consisting in an electrically-insulating, porous, flow-through sheet, activated carbon layers (2, 2), each comprising a high specific surface area activated carbon as a main component, collectors (3, 3) disposed externally of the active carbon layers (2, 2), and retaining plates (4, 4) disposed externally of the collectors (3, 3).

Abstract: An apparatus for producing high surface area active carbons in a safe and commercially advantageous manner by the alkali metal hydroxide-based activation method is provided. Using pushers (9a-k), the apparatus circulates containers (C) along a container travel line (8) connecting the elements: material feeding section (1).fwdarw.inlet side gas replacement chamber (2).fwdarw.tunnel kiln (3).fwdarw.cooling zone (4).fwdarw.water injection chamber (5).fwdarw.outlet side gas replacement chamber (6).fwdarw.reaction mixture discharge port (7) to form a closed circuit. During the travel of the containers, a series of steps is performed, namely the steps of charging of the containers with raw materials (carbonaceous material and alkali metal hydroxide-water mixture), dehydration, activation of the carbonaceous material with the alkali metal hydroxide, cooling, water injection and discharge of the reaction mixture.