Abstract: A container includes: a container body; a cap to seal the container body; an identification code on a top surface of the cap; and multiple concaves on the container body. The multiple concaves on the container body forms a first image having a first area, the identification code on the cap forms a second image having a second area smaller than the first area, the container body has a first diffuse reflectance difference between the first image and a portion excluding the first image, and the identification code has a second diffuse reflectance difference between a code portion and a background portion excluding the code portion in the second image. The second diffuse reflectance difference is larger than the first diffuse reflectance difference.

Abstract: A shaping apparatus configured to use a shaping material to form a shaped product on a target placed on a shaping stage. The shaping apparatus includes a discharger configured to discharge the shaping material onto the target; and a processor configured to control a distance between the target and the discharger based on a characteristic value of the target.

Abstract: First and second types of object detectors, a sensing device, and a mobile apparatus. The first and second types of object detectors include a light source configured to emit light, photoreceptor configured to receive the light reflected by an object, and a binarizing circuit configured to binarize a signal sent from the photoreceptor at a threshold Vth. In the first and second types of object detectors, object detection processes are performed in a same direction until a high-level signal is output M times from the signal binarized by the binarizing circuit. In the first type of object detector, a value of the M is determined based on an incidence of shot noise where peak intensity exceeds the threshold Vth in the photoreceptor. In the second type of object detector, a threshold Vth is set based on a value of the M.

Abstract: A modeling apparatus includes a modeling section, and a temperature distribution controller. The modeling section is configured to model a modeling layer with a modeling material on a modeling stage. The temperature distribution controller is configured to control a surface temperature distribution of the modeling stage within a predetermined temperature range associated with the modeling material based on the surface temperature distribution of the modeling stage.

Abstract: A distance-measuring apparatus, a mobile object, a robot, a three-dimensional measuring device, a surveillance camera, and a distance-measuring method. The distance-measuring apparatus, a mobile object includes a light source to emit light, an imaging element to receive and photoelectrically convert the light into a plurality of electrical signals, and to obtain the electrical signals upon being sorted into a plurality of phase signals, and a computing unit to calculate distance to the object based on the phase signals. In the distance-measuring apparatus, a period of time during which the imaging element obtains the phase signals is different from a light emitting period of the light source in length. The distance-measuring method includes determining whether or not aliasing is present based on a light emitting period of the light source, a period of time during which the plurality of phase signals are obtained, and a result of the calculating.

Abstract: An distance measurement apparatus includes a light source to emit irradiation light, circuitry to output, to the light source, a first current that changes in accordance of light-emission timing information defining at least turn-on timing of the light source, and a second current that does not change in accordance of the light-emission timing information, a sensor to detect reflection light reflected from an object irradiated with the irradiation light emitted from the light source. The circuitry calculates a distance to the object based on a detection amount of the reflection light detected by the sensor.

Abstract: A three-dimensional position detecting device includes a rotational mechanism configured to rotate about a predetermined rotation axis, and includes a LIDAR unit disposed on the rotation axis to scan in response to each rotation angle at which the rotational mechanism rotate to detect at least one first three-dimensional position of an object. The three-dimensional position detecting device includes an imaging unit disposed to be away from the rotation axis in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis, the imaging unit being configured to capture multiple images of the object based on rotation of the imaging unit through the rotational mechanism. The three-dimensional position detecting device includes a processor configured to detect a second three-dimensional position of the object based on the captured multiple images with respect to respective rotation angles at which the rotational mechanism rotates.

Abstract: First and second types of object detectors, a sensing device, and a mobile apparatus. The first and second types of object detectors include a light source configured to emit light, photoreceptor configured to receive the light reflected by an object, and a binarizing circuit configured to binarize a signal sent from the photoreceptor at a threshold Vth. In the first and second types of object detectors, object detection processes are performed in a same direction until a high-level signal is output M times from the signal binarized by the binarizing circuit. In the first type of object detector, a value of the M is determined based on an incidence of shot noise where peak intensity exceeds the threshold Vth in the photoreceptor. In the second type of object detector, a threshold Vth is set based on a value of the M.

Abstract: An distance measurement apparatus includes a light source to emit irradiation light, circuitry to output, to the light source, a first current that changes in accordance of light-emission timing information defining at least turn-on timing of the light source, and a second current that does not change in accordance of the light-emission timing information, a sensor to detect reflection light reflected from an object irradiated with the irradiation light emitted from the light source. The circuitry calculates a distance to the object based on a detection amount of the reflection light detected by the sensor.

Abstract: A distance-measuring apparatus, a mobile object, a robot, a three-dimensional measuring device, a surveillance camera, and a distance-measuring method. The distance-measuring apparatus, a mobile object includes a light source to emit light, an imaging element to receive and photoelectrically convert the light into a plurality of electrical signals, and to obtain the electrical signals upon being sorted into a plurality of phase signals, and a computing unit to calculate distance to the object based on the phase signals. In the distance-measuring apparatus, a period of time during which the imaging element obtains the phase signals is different from a light emitting period of the light source in length. The distance-measuring method includes determining whether or not aliasing is present based on a light emitting period of the light source, a period of time during which the plurality of phase signals are obtained, and a result of the calculating.

Abstract: An electric element package is provided including an electrode formed on an element substrate and made of alloy whose main component is Al or Ag, an ITO layer formed on the electrode, an electric element formed on the electrode, a sealing substrate arranged so as to face the element substrate, and a glass frit formed between the sealing substrate and the ITO layer, the glass fit having a portion that contacts the ITO layer and a portion that contacts the sealing substrate, where the portion of the glass frit that contacts the ITO layer has width that is 50 to 80 percent of the portion of the glass frit that contacts the sealing substrate.

Abstract: A ceramic package includes a chip mounting portion, a photodiode (PD) mounting portion, a plurality of connecting terminals, and a gold-plated portion. The chip mounting portion is a portion on which a surface-emitting laser array chip is mounted on a first ceramic layer. The PD mounting portion is provided to a second ceramic layer stacked on the positive side in a c-axis direction of the first ceramic layer. Openings are formed at four corners of the PD mounting portion. A scale is formed on a portion that can be observed through the opening of the second ceramic layer on the surface of the positive side in the c-axis direction of the first ceramic layer.

Abstract: An optical device is disclosed, including a surface emitting laser element having a surface emitting laser which emits a light in a direction which is perpendicular to a substrate face; a light receiving element which monitors the light of the surface emitting laser; a package provided with a region on which the surface emitting laser element and the light receiving element are provided; and a lid which has a window through which passes the light of the surface emitting laser, the window being formed with a transparent member, and which covers the surface emitting laser element and the light receiving element.

Abstract: A ceramic package includes a chip mounting portion, a photodiode (PD) mounting portion, a plurality of connecting terminals, and a gold-plated portion. The chip mounting portion is a portion on which a surface-emitting laser array chip is mounted on a first ceramic layer. The PD mounting portion is provided to a second ceramic layer stacked on the positive side in a c-axis direction of the first, ceramic layer. Openings are formed at four corners of the PD mounting portion. A scale is formed on a portion that can be observed through the opening of the second ceramic layer on the surface of the positive side in the c-axis direction of the first ceramic layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacturing an optical information recording medium. The method includes laminating plural layers successively on a substrate having a through-hole at its center; and fitting center caps each having a predetermined radius in the through-hole to form at least two of the plural layers by a spin coat method. A radius of a first center cap used for forming an upper layer of the at least two layers is larger than a radius of a second center cap used for forming a lower layer thereof.

Abstract: An optical recording medium containing a substrate and a recording layer over the substrate, wherein the recording layer primarily contains Bi and O, and further contains B and at least one element X selected from Ge, Li, Sn, Cu, Fe, Pd, Zn, Mg, Nd, Mn and Ni, and a sputtering target containing Bi, B and at least one element X selected from Ge, Li, Sn, Cu, Fe, Pd, Zn, Mg, Nd, Mn and Ni.

Abstract: An optical device is disclosed, including a surface emitting laser element having a surface emitting laser which emits a light in a direction which is perpendicular to a substrate face; a light receiving element which monitors the light of the surface emitting laser; a package provided with a region on which the surface emitting laser element and the light receiving element are provided; and a lid which has a window through which passes the light of the surface emitting laser, the window being formed with a transparent member, and which covers the surface emitting laser element and the light receiving element.

Abstract: A disclosed multilayer optical information medium includes three or more information layers. Address information indicating positions in each of the information layers is recorded in a helical manner. The information layers comprise at least one I to O layer in which values representing addresses in the address information increase from an inner perimeter section toward an outer perimeter section, and at least one O to I layer in which the values representing the addresses in the address information increase from the outer perimeter section toward the inner perimeter section. All of the I to O layers have substantially the same address information and all of the O to I layers have substantially the same address information. Layer specifying information specifying the information layer is attached to the address information.

Abstract: The present invention provides a write-once-read-many optical recording medium comprising a substrate, a recording layer comprising any one of bismuth and an oxide of bismuth, an overcoat layer and a reflective layer in this order from a laser beam incident plane, wherein the write-once-read-many optical recording medium has a reflectivity of 35% or less when a laser is applied to the flat part of the substrate or a write-once-read-many optical recording medium comprising a substrate, an undercoat layer, a recording layer comprising any one of bismuth and an oxide of bismuth, an overcoat layer and a reflective layer in this order from a laser beam incident plane, wherein the write-once-read-many optical recording medium has a reflectivity of 35% or less when a laser is applied to the flat part of the substrate.

Abstract: A write-once-read-many optical recording medium is disclosed that includes a support substrate; a recording layer on the support substrate, the recording layer containing an oxide of one of a metal and a metalloid as a principal component; and a layer adjacent to the recording layer. The recording layer includes a region where a constituent element of the adjacent layer is dispersed. Recording and reproduction are performable with laser light of a blue wavelength region.