Abstract: An excellent anti-reflection circular polarizer for preventing the reflection of external light is provided, and thereby an excellent image display device with very little degradation of anti-reflection functionality caused by decreased levels of polarization under conditions of high humidity while having little deformation of an image display panel is provided. In particular, an anti-reflection circular polarizer suitable for an organic EL image display device is provided. The anti-reflection circular polarizer includes a reflection reduction layer, a light-transmissive substrate film, a polarizing element, and a ?/4 phase-difference layer, stacked in this order, wherein the light-transmissive substrate film has a moisture permeability of 100 g/m2·day or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a laminated thermoplastic resin film which is excellent in adhesion and blocking resistance. A laminated thermoplastic resin film has a covering layer containing a copolymerized polyester resin and a polyurethane resin on one side or both sides of a thermoplastic resin film, characterized in that the covering layer has a microphase-separated or nanophase-separated structure in polyester (PE) phase A comprising a copolymerized polyester resin as a main component and polyurethane (PU) phase B comprising a polyurethane resin as a main component, and when the covering layer is observed by a scanning probe microscopy in phase measurement mode, an area ration (surface fraction of PEs) of polyester phase A (which indicates a dark phase in phase image) of the surface of the covering layer defined by following the formula (1) is 35% or more and less than 90% per 20 a measurement area of 5 ?m×5 ?m. Surface fraction of PEs (%)=(area of PEs phase A/measurement area)×100.

Abstract: [PROBLEMS] The present invention provides a laminated thermoplastic resin film which is excellent in adhesion and blocking resistance. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] A laminated thermoplastic resin film has a covering layer containing a copolymerized polyester resin and a polyurethane resin on one side or both sides of a thermoplastic resin film, characterized in that the covering layer has a microphase-separated or nanophase-separated structure in PEs phase A comprising a copolymerized PE resin as a main component and PU phase B comprising a PU resin as a main component, and when the covering layer is observed by a scanning probe microscopy in phase measurement mode, an area ratio (surface fraction of PEs) of PEs phase A (which indicates a dark phase in phase image) of the surface of the covering layer defined by following formula (1) is 35% or more and less than 90% per a measurement area of 5 ?m×5 ?m.

Abstract: A recording material comprising a substrate layer and an ink receiving layer formed on said substrate layer, wherein the ink receiving layer has a retention of ink concentration after water immersion of not less than 30% and a surface gloss of not less than 55%. The recording material of the present invention is capable of absorbing ink quickly, which ink being hard to be removed even after pouring water thereon, and of color ink jet printing with high surface gloss. The recording material of the present invention permits provision of printed matters having high gloss, high quality and high grade, like silver salt photographs.

Abstract: A porous polyester film having an apparent specific gravity of not more than 1.3, which comprises a polyester film having many voids (layer (A)) comprising a polyester and a thermoplastic resin incompatible with said polyester, and a polyester film having many fine voids (layer (B)) comprising a polyester and inorganic fine particles having an average particle size of not more than 1 &mgr;m, the two layers being bonded to each other, wherein the layer (B) has a porosity of not less than 20% by volume, and a thickness of 1-20 &mgr;m that is not more than 30% of the thickness of the porous film. Due to the present invention, a porous polyester film capable of providing an image-receiving sheet superior in surface smoothness, image density, and resistance to wrinkles can be provided.

Abstract: A laminated polyester film comprising a polyester base film and a layer comprising a polyester graft copolymer and which is formed at least on one surface of said polyester base film, said polyester graft copolymer comprising a hydrophobic copolymerizable polyester resin and an acid anhydride having at least one double bond grafted to said polyester resin. The laminated polyester film of the present invention exhibits good adhesive property, water resistance and resistance to blocking, particularly excellent adhesive property, by applying a specific polyester graft copolymer to a polyester base film.

Abstract: Recording media for use in various printing methods, each having a base film and an ink-receiving or recording layer formed thereon, characterized by their specific improved physical properties; for example, the ink drying time is 5 minutes or shorter at an amount of ink ranging from 10 g/m.sup.2 inclusive to 50 g/m.sup.2 exclusive, the reflection printing density is 1.3 or higher, the width of ink bleeding is 1 mm or lower, and the retention of density against water exposure is 60% or higher.

Abstract: A porous polyester film having an apparent specific gravity of not more than 1.3, which comprises a polyester film having many voids (layer (A)) comprising a polyester and a thermoplastic resin incompatible with said polyester, and a polyester film having many fine voids (layer (B)) comprising a polyester and inorganic fine particles having an average particle size of not more than 1 .mu.m, the two layers being bonded to each other, wherein the layer (B) has a porosity of not less than 20% by volume, and a thickness of 1-20 .mu.m that is not more than 30% of the thickness of the porous film. Due to the present invention, a porous polyester film capable of providing an image-receiving sheet superior in surface smoothness, image density, and resistance to wrinkles can be provided.

Abstract: A recording material for use in various printing methods, having a substrate and an ink-receiving layer formed thereon, the ink-receiving layer containing both a water-absorbing anionic polymer and a water-absorbing cationic polymer. The recording material can be used in the high-speed printing without being influenced by the properties of ink.

Abstract: A polyester film having fine voids, which comprises a polymer mixture comprising a polyester resin and a thermoplastic resin (B) incompatible with said polyester resin, and which has an apparent specific gravity of 0.6-1.3 and an inplane birefringence as determined from the equation:inplane birefringence=refractive index along lengthwise principal axis-refractive index along crosswise principal axis,of from -0.02 to +0.04, and manufacture thereof. A thermoplastic resin film having fine voids, which comprises a polymer mixture comprising a thermoplastic resin (A) and a thermoplastic resin (B) incompatible with said thermoplastic resin (A), and which has a ratio (L1/L2) of an average length (L1) of the voids at a cross section in the lengthwise direction of the film, to an average length (L2) of the voids at a cross section in the direction forming a right angle with said lengthwise direction, i.e.

Abstract: A recording material comprising a substrate layer and an ink receiving layer formed on said substrate layer, wherein the ink receiving layer has a retention of ink concentration after water immersion of not less than 30% and a surface gloss of not less than 55%. The recording material of the present invention is capable of absorbing ink quickly, which ink being hard to be removed even after pouring water thereon, and of color ink jet printing with high surface gloss. The recording material of the present invention permits provision of printed matters having high gloss, high quality and high grade, like silver salt photographs.

Abstract: A surface-treated plastic film having a surface coating layer formed on at least one surface of a plastic film, which has a spreading index of aqueous and alcohol inks of 1.0-1.2, respectively, at the surface coating layer side thereof, and an ink jet recording material. The surface-treated plastic film of the present invention having respective spreading indices of aqueous and alcohol inks of 1.0-1.2 allows less spreading of the aqueous ink of ballpoint pens, is superior in writability and offset printability, and is extremely useful as a synthetic paper. In addition, the use of such surface-treated plastic film enables production of an ink jet recording material permitting high grade recording.

Abstract: A polyester film having fine voids, which comprises a polymer mixture comprising a polyester resin and a thermoplastic resin (B) incompatible with said polyester resin, and which has an apparent specific gravity of 0.6-1.3 and an inplane birefringence as determined from the equation:inplane birefringence=refractive index along lengthwise principal axis-refractive index along crosswise principal axis,of from -0.02 to +0.04, and manufacture thereof. A thermoplastic resin film having fine voids, which comprises a polymer mixture comprising a thermoplastic resin (A) and a thermoplastic resin (B) incompatible with said thermoplastic resin (A), and which has a ratio (L1/L2) of an average length (L1) of the voids at a cross section in the lengthwise direction of the film, to an average length (L2) of the voids at a cross section in the direction forming a right angle with said lengthwise direction, i.e.

Abstract: A lithographic plate includes a substrate made of a polyester film having a light transmittance of 50% or less, a bending angle in the range of 30.degree. to 90.degree., and a rupture strength after being bent of 8 kg/mm.sup.2 or more. Alternatively, a lithographic plate includes a substrate made of a polymer film containing a polyester and a thermoplastic resin incompatible with the polyester, wherein the polymer film is oriented along at least one axis and has minute cavities formed by the orientation, and the density of the film is in the range of 1.05 g/cm.sup.3 to 1.3 g/cm.sup.3.

Abstract: A void-containing composite film including (A) a polyester base layer containing voids composed mainly of a polymer mixture of a polyester and a thermoplastic resin which is not compatible with the polyester and is selected from the group of polystyrene resins, polyolefin resins, polyacrylic resins, polycarbonate resins, polysulfone resins, cellulose resins, polysiloxane resins and silicone resins, and (B) at least one outer surface layer composed mainly of polyethylene terephthalate and formed on at least one side of the polyester base layer (A), the polyester base layer (A) and the at least one outer surface layer (B) being formed into a composite film by co-extrusion, followed by orientation in at least one direction, the void percentage of a surface portion having 3 .mu.

Abstract: A biaxial oriented polyester film of the present invention has a density of 1.386 g/cm.sup.3 or more. A sum Y of the coefficients of the heat shrinkage in the machine direction and in the transverse direction of the film at a temperature of 150.degree. C. is 4.5% or more, and a sum X (kg/mm.sup.2) of F.sub.5 values in the machine direction and in the transverse direction of the film and the sum Y satisfy the following expression (I):Y.sup.2 +3.2Y.gtoreq.19.2X-393.6 (I)wherein the F.sub.5 value refers to an applied force required for extending a film by 5%.

Abstract: A speed changing gear device for an automatic transmission, comprising a main gear assembly for providing a plurality of operating positions, and an auxiliary gear assembly for providing a direct drive position and a speed changing drive position. The main gear assembly includes a single-pinion type first planetary gear unit having a first sun gear, a first planetary gear, a first ring gear and a first carrier, and a single-pinion type second planetary gear unit having a second sun gear, a second planetary gear, a second ring gear and a second carrier. The auxiliary gear assembly includes a third planetary gear unit having a third sun gear, at least one third planetary gear, a third ring gear and a third carrier. The first carrier and second ring gear are fixed to each other, or selectively connected to each other by a first clutch. The first and second sun gears, and the first sun gear and second carrier are selectively connected to each other by a second and a third clutch, respectively.

Abstract: A speed changing gear device for an automatic transmission, comprising a main gear assembly for providing a plurality of operating positions, and an axiliary gear assembly for providing a direct drive position and a speed changing drive position. The main gear assembly includes a single-pinion type first planetary gear unit having a first sun gear, a first planetary gear, a first ring gear and a first carrier, and a single-pinion type second planetary gear unit having a second sun gear, a second planetary gear, a second ring gear and a second carrier. The auxiliary gear assembly includes a third planetary gear unit having a third sun gear, at least one third planetary gear, a third ring gear and a third carrier. The first carrier and second ring gear are fixed to each other, or selectively connected to each other by a first clutch. The first and second sun gears, and the first sun gear and second carrier are selectively connected to each other by a second and a third clutch, respectively.

Abstract: A lithographic plate includes a substrate made of a polyester film having a light transmittance of 50% or less, a bending angle in the range of 30.degree. to 90.degree., and a rupture strength after being bent of 8 kg/mm.sup.2 or more. Alternatively, a lithographic plate includes a substrate made of a polymer film containing a polyester and a thermoplastic resin incompatible with the polyester, wherein the polymer film is oriented along at least one axis and has minute cavities formed by the orientation, and the density of the film is in the range of 1.05 g/cm.sup.3 to 1.3 g/cm.sup.3.

Abstract: In a heat-sensitive recording material incorporating a colorless or pale-colored basic dye and a color acceptor which is reactive with the basic dye to form a color when contacted therewith, the recording material characterized in that at least one compound represented by the formula ?I! is contained in a heat-sensitive recording layer ##STR1## wherein X is --O-- or --COO--, R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 are each hydrogen atom, alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, aralkyl having 7 to 9 carbon atoms, chlorine atom, acetyl, propionyl, methoxy, methylthio, methoxycarbonyl, cyano, nitro or cyclohexenyl, substituents R.sub.1 and/or R.sub.2 or substituents R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may link together to form aromatic ring(s), n is an integer of 1 to 10.