Abstract: Provided is a separator including: a substrate; and a surface layer formed on at least one surface of the substrate, and having a higher porosity than that of the substrate. It is preferable that the surface layer includes: a first layer having convexities and concavities existing as cavities; and a second layer formed between the first layer and the separator, and the second layer has a higher porosity than that of the substrate, and the first layer has a higher porosity than that of the second layer. In this case, it is preferable that the porosity of the substrate is from 25% to 40%, the porosity of the first layer is from 60% to 90%, and the porosity of the second layer is from 40% to 65%.

Abstract: A separator includes a substrate layer that is porous, and a surface layer that is provided on at least one main face of the substrate layer and that has an uneven shape. The surface layer includes first particles that are for forming convexities of the uneven shape and that are a main component of the convexities, second particles that have a smaller average particle size than the first particles, cover at least a part of a surface of the first particles, and cover at least a part of a surface of the substrate layer that is exposed between the first particles, and a resin material.

Abstract: A gel electrolyte layer is provided between a positive electrode and a second electrode. The gel electrolyte layer is a layer containing particles, a resin material, and a polymer compound for retaining the resin material, and having a heat capacity per unit area of 0.0001 J/Kcm2 or more and a heat capacity per unit volume of 3.0 J/Kcm3 or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a layer disposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, which is a layer containing particles and a resin material, and having a porous structure with a heat capacity per unit area of 0.0001 J/Kcm2 or more and a heat capacity per unit volume of 3.0 J/Kcm3 or less.

Abstract: Provided is a separator including: a substrate; and a surface layer formed on at least one surface of the substrate, and having a higher porosity than that of the substrate. It is preferable that the surface layer includes: a first layer having convexities and concavities existing as cavities; and a second layer formed between the first layer and the separator, and the second layer has a higher porosity than that of the substrate, and the first layer has a higher porosity than that of the second layer. In this case, it is preferable that the porosity of the substrate is from 25% to 40%, the porosity of the first layer is from 60% to 90%, and the porosity of the second layer is from 40% to 65%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a layer disposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, which is a layer containing particles and a resin material, and having a porous structure with a heat capacity per unit area of 0.0001 J/Kcm2 or more and a heat capacity per unit volume of 3.0 J/Kcm3 or less.

Abstract: A gel electrolyte layer is provided between a positive electrode and a second electrode. The gel electrolyte layer is a layer containing particles, a resin material, and a polymer compound for retaining the resin material, and having a heat capacity per unit area of 0.0001 J/Kcm2 or more and a heat capacity per unit volume of 3.0 J/Kcm3 or less.

Abstract: A separator includes a substrate layer that is porous, and a surface layer that is provided on at least one main face of the substrate layer and that has an uneven shape. The surface layer includes first particles that are for forming convexities of the uneven shape and that are a main component of the convexities, second particles that have a smaller average particle size than the first particles, cover at least a part of a surface of the first particles, and cover at least a part of a surface of the substrate layer that is exposed between the first particles, and a resin material.

Abstract: A shrink resistant microporous membrane includes a base material composed of a porous membrane, and a surface layer that is formed on at least one surface of the base material, and contains a heat resistant resin, a ceramic, and a clay mineral.

Abstract: An optical recording medium in which deposition of impurities or damage to a surface of the medium illuminated by the light for signal recording and/or reproduction is to be prevented from occurring. An amine salt compound of perfluoropolyether having terminal carboxylic groups, represented by the chemical formulas (1) and/or (2): Rf—COO?N+HR1R2R3??(formula 1) R1R2R3N+H?CO—Rf—COO?N+HR1R2R3??(formula 2) where Rf denotes a perfluoropolyether group and R1, R2 and R3 denote hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, is held on the surface side illuminated by light.

Abstract: An optical recording medium in which deposition of impurities or damage to a surface of the medium illuminated by the light for signal recording and/or reproduction is to be prevented from occurring. An amine salt compound of perfluoropolyether having terminal carboxylic groups, represented by the chemical formulas (1) and/or (2): Rf—COO?N+HR1R2R3??(formula 1) R1R2R3N+H?CO—Rf—COO?N+HR1R2R3??(formula 2) where Rf denotes a perfluoropolyether group and R1, R2 and R3 denote hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, is held on the surface side illuminated by light.

Abstract: An optical recording medium in which deposition of impurities or damage to a surface of the medium illuminated by the light for signal recording and/or reproduction is to be prevented from occurring. An amine salt compound of perfluoropolyether having terminal carboxylic groups, represented by the chemical formulas (1) and/or (2): Rf—COO?N+HR1R2R3??(formula 1) R1R2R3N+H?CO—Rf—COO?N+HR1R2R3??(formula 2) where Rf denotes a perfluoropolyether group and R1, R2 and R3 denote hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, is held on the surface side illuminated by light.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium includes a magnetic layer, main components of which are magnetic powder and a binder, and a non-magnetic substrate on which the magnetic layer is formed. The binder is a polyurethane resin including a propanediol derivative expressed by the following general formula as an ingredient. The polyurethane resin has a urethane group concentration of 4,000 or more equivalents per 1 t of the resin, and a glass transition temperature of 100° C. or more, preferably, where either or both of R1 and R2 in the general formula is a saturated hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 2 to 8 and the remnant is a saturated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: An optical recording medium incorporating a supporting body; a recording portion which is formed on either main surface of the supporting body and on which a signal is recorded; and a light permeable layer formed on the recording portion, wherein light is applied from a position adjacent to the light permeable layer to record/reproduce a signal, and carboxylic acid amine salt expressed by general formula (1) and/or general formula (2) is held on the surface which is irradiated with light where n is an integer from 1 to 3, each of R1 and R2 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, R3 is a hydrocarbon group and Rf is a perfluoroalkyl group having three or more carbon atoms, where at least either of R1 and R2 is perfluoroalkyl group having three or more carbon atoms, at least any one of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 is hydrocarbon group having 12 or more carbon atoms and the rest of them are hydrogen or hydrocarbon group.