Abstract: A main body of an impact energy absorber is formed by integrally molding a deformable portion and a plurality of deformation controlling portions which are adapted to control the direction of plastic deformation of the deformable portion. The deformation controlling portions have such a configuration and shape that, when a compression load equal to or greater than a predetermined value is input to the main body in a tube axis direction, the deformable portion undergoes plastic deformation in at least one of a radially outward direction and a radially inward direction of the main body concurrently with the compressive plastic deformation in the tube axis direction.

Abstract: A main body of an impact energy absorber is formed by integrally molding a deformable portion and a plurality of deformation controlling portions which are adapted to control the direction of plastic deformation of the deformable portion. The deformation controlling portions have such a configuration and shape that, when a compression load equal to or greater than a predetermined value is input to the main body in a tube axis direction, the deformable portion undergoes plastic deformation in at least one of a radially outward direction and a radially inward direction of the main body concurrently with the compressive plastic deformation in the tube axis direction.

Abstract: In the exhaust gas purifying catalyst (3), palladium is contained as a catalytic component and cerium oxide and (Ce, Pr) compound oxide is contained as a promoter. Now, the weight ratio of cerium oxide to (Ce, Pr) compound oxide is set between 9/1 and 7/3, and the ratio of praseodymium to cerium in the (Ce, Pr) compound oxide is set between 3 mol % and 50 mol %. In this way, because in this exhaust gas purifying catalyst (3), palladium with high low-temperature activity is used for a catalytic component, the exhaust gas purifying performance at low temperature is improved. And because cerium oxide and (Ce, Pr) compound oxide improves catalytic activity of palladium at high temperature, the exhaust gas purifying performance at high temperature, in particular, NOx purifying performance, is improved.

Abstract: In order to adsorb effectively various kind of hydrocarbons each having a different size 6, a zeolite having a larger pore 8, a zeolite having a smaller pore 6 and a zeolite having an in-between pores 7 are present together very closely located very closely to one another by means of, for example, physically mixing them.

Abstract: A catalyst for cleaning an exhaust gas includes a metal containing silicate containing Al and a metal M constituting a crystalline structure which is selected from a group consisting of Ga, In, B, Mn, Bi, Sc Y, V and Ta, a transition metal or a precious metal being carried in said metal containing silicate. The catalytic active range can be expanded.

Abstract: Two different members, such as a silicon nitride member and a carbide alloy member or a metal member, is attached with a joining member interposed therebetween and is heated at a preselected temperature higher than approximately 1,000.degree. C. under a vacuum or in a reducing atmosphere to be joined together as an integral member. The joining member in the form of a thin layer is made up of a material consisting of a gold-copper (Au-Cu) alloy and titanium (Ti) having a content of 1 to 30, desirably 10 to 30, weight percent of the joining layer.