Abstract: A method for producing a laminate, the method comprising at least a pretreatment step of pretreating a surface of a substrate made of a plastic film by reactive ion etching so that the maximum displacement of the substrate surface measured by local thermal analysis is 300 nm or more, and a lamination step of laminating a thermoplastic resin layer made of a material different from that of the substrate on the pretreated surface of the substrate; wherein the plastic film is a polyethylene terephthalate film.

Abstract: A method for producing a laminate, the method comprising at least a pretreatment step of pretreating a surface of a substrate made of a plastic film by reactive ion etching so that the maximum displacement of the substrate surface measured by local thermal analysis is 300 nm or more, and a lamination step of laminating a thermoplastic resin layer made of a material different from that of the substrate on the pretreated surface of the substrate; wherein the plastic film is a polyethylene terephthalate film.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a hardening inhibitor of brine-containing noodles or a brine-containing wonton wrapper including an ?-amino acid, a ?-amino acid, or a ?-amino acid, or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A gas barrier film including a polymer film, an anchor coat layer, and a metal oxide layer. In a gas barrier film, a polymer film and a metal oxide layer are laminated with an anchor coat layer interposed therebetween, the anchor coat layer has a thickness of 25 nm or more, and the anchor coat layer is a layer containing an acrylic resin having an organic acid group, or a layer including a cured product of a composition containing an acrylic resin having an organic acid group.

Abstract: A gas barrier laminate of the present invention includes a biaxially-oriented polypropylene base and an aluminum oxide thin film formed on one surface of the biaxially-oriented polypropylene base. The biaxially-oriented polypropylene base has a plane orientation factor ?P ranging from 0.005 to 0.020 according to phase-contrast measurement. Further, the gas barrier laminate of the present invention includes a biaxially-oriented polypropylene base and an aluminum oxide thin film formed on one surface of the biaxially-oriented polypropylene base. The biaxially-oriented polypropylene base has a molecular chain whose orientation angle measured by phase-contrast measurement ranges from 50° to 90° or from ?50° to ?90° relative to an MD direction.

Abstract: A gas barrier laminate of the present invention includes a biaxially-oriented polypropylene base and an aluminum oxide thin film formed on one surface of the biaxially-oriented polypropylene base. The biaxially-oriented polypropylene base has a plane orientation factor ?P ranging from 0.005 to 0.020 according to phase-contrast measurement. Further, the gas barrier laminate of the present invention includes a biaxially-oriented polypropylene base and an aluminum oxide thin film formed on one surface of the biaxially-oriented polypropylene base. The biaxially-oriented polypropylene base has a molecular chain whose orientation angle measured by phase-contrast measurement ranges from 50° to 90° or from ?50° to ?90° relative to an MD direction.

Abstract: A laminate prepared by pretreating at least one side of a substrate of a plastic film by plasma treatment and then directly laminating a thermoplastic resin on a surface treated by pretreatment.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having a wide viewing angle and easily manufactured. The liquid crystal display comprises an upper substrate and a lower substrate, and a liquid crystal material disposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate. The liquid crystal display has a conductive protrusion disposed on the surface of the upper substrate opposing to the lower substrate. The conductive protrusion is disposed over a scanning electrode line or a signal electrode line and has the same potential as that of the upper electrode. As another structure, each of pixel electrodes on the lower substrate has a smaller area than that of a common electrode on the upper substrate and is covered by the common electrode, and each of the pixel electrodes comprises an electrode portion having approximately symmetrical shape.

Abstract: A laminate prepared by pretreating at least one side of a substrate of a plastic film by plasma treatment and then directly laminating a thermoplastic resin on a surface treated by pretreatment.

Abstract: An electrically-floating light shielding film is formed on a glass substrate, and a signal line is formed above the light shielding film via a gate insulating film. The light shielding film is formed along the signal line, and has a width larger than that of the signal line. On an interlayer insulating film that covers the signal line, transparent electrodes of neighboring pixels are formed, and a reflective electrode extending from the transparent electrode has a frame portion disposed along the signal line. The reflective electrode is formed the interlayer insulating film. The light shielding film does not overlap the transparent electrode in a plan-view perspective and overlaps the reflective portion in a plan-view perspective. The signal line does not overlap the reflective electrode in a plan-view perspective. Hence, a semitransparent liquid crystal display device that suppresses vertical crosstalk and as well maintains a high aperture ratio is obtained.

Abstract: A picture electrode of an MVA liquid crystal display device has a configuration where sub-picture electrodes are successively provided, while a cross-shaped slit is provided as an alignment restriction member on a common electrode of the side of a counter substrate. A columnar spacer is provided on a signal line of a TFT substrate in conformity to a position of a singular point of an alignment of liquid crystal molecules, the singularity occurring in a display region. This structure makes it possible, when a panel surface is depressed, to cause quick re-aligning of the liquid crystal molecules at the singular point of +1, as a base point, which has occurred at a center of the cross-shaped slit and in the vicinity of the columnar spacer, hence achieving a speedy recovery of displaying.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having a wide viewing angle and easily manufactured. The liquid crystal display comprises an upper substrate and a lower substrate, and a liquid crystal material disposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate. The liquid crystal display has a conductive protrusion disposed on the surface of the upper substrate opposing to the lower substrate. The conductive protrusion is disposed over a scanning electrode line or a signal electrode line and has the same potential as that of the upper electrode. As another structure, each of pixel electrodes on the lower substrate has a smaller area than that of a common electrode on the upper substrate and is covered by the common electrode, and each of the pixel electrodes comprises an electrode portion having approximately symmetrical shape.

Abstract: An electrically-floating light shielding film is formed on a glass substrate, and a signal line is formed above the light shielding film via a gate insulating film. The light shielding film is formed along the signal line, and has a width larger than that of the signal line. On an interlayer insulating film that covers the signal line, transparent electrodes of neighboring pixels are formed, and a reflective electrode extending from the transparent electrode has a frame portion disposed along the signal line. The reflective electrode is formed the interlayer insulating film. The light shielding film does not overlap the transparent electrode in a plan-view perspective and overlaps the reflective portion in a plan-view perspective. The signal line does not overlap the reflective electrode in a plan-view perspective. Hence, a semitransparent liquid crystal display device that suppresses vertical crosstalk and as well maintains a high aperture ratio is obtained.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having a wide viewing angle and easily manufactured. The liquid crystal display comprises an upper substrate and a lower substrate, and a liquid crystal material disposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate. The liquid crystal display has a conductive protrusion disposed on the surface of the upper substrate opposing to the lower substrate. The conductive protrusion is disposed over a scanning electrode line or a signal electrode line and has the same potential as that of the upper electrode. As another structure, each of pixel electrodes on the lower substrate has a smaller area than that of a common electrode on the upper substrate and is covered by the common electrode, and each of the pixel electrodes comprises an electrode portion having approximately symmetrical shape.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a plurality of internal wirings and a protective element which includes a first terminal and a second terminal at least. The first terminal is connected to at least one of the plurality of internal wirings, and the second terminal is connected to an external circuit.

Abstract: A laminate prepared by pretreating at least one side of a substrate of a plastic film by plasma treatment and then directly laminating a thermoplastic resin on a surface treated by pretreatment.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device comprising a first substrate 101 having a color filter, a second substrate 131 and a liquid crystal layer disposed therebetween, a color filter layer 110 is disposed on a protection film 108 of a thin film transistor formed on the first substrate 101 so as to be partitioned by a light shielding portion 111, and a common electrode 103 is disposed thereon. A pixel electrode to be connected to a source electrode 107 is disposed through a through hole formed in an overcoat layer (interlayer separation film) 112. On the first substrate below the color filter layer 110 are provided plural scan signal electrodes, plural video signal electrodes crossing the scan signal electrodes in a matrix form, plural thin film transistors formed in association with the crossing points between the electrodes.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device comprising a first substrate 101 having a color filter, a second substrate 131 and a liquid crystal layer disposed therebetween, a color filter layer 110 is disposed on a protection film 108 of a thin film transistor formed on the first substrate 101 so as to be partitioned by a light shielding portion 111, and a common electrode 103 is disposed thereon. A pixel electrode to be connected to a source electrode 107 is disposed through a through hole formed in an overcoat layer (interlayer separation film) 112. On the first substrate below the color filter layer 110 are provided plural scan signal electrodes, plural video signal electrodes crossing the scan signal electrodes in a matrix form, plural thin film transistors formed in association with the crossing points between the electrodes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having a wide viewing angle and easily manufactured. The liquid crystal display comprises an upper substrate and a lower substrate, and a liquid crystal material disposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate. The liquid crystal display has a conductive protrusion disposed on the surface of the upper substrate opposing to the lower substrate. The conductive protrusion is disposed over a scanning electrode line or a signal electrode line and has the same potential as that of the upper electrode. As another structure, each of pixel electrodes on the lower substrate has a smaller area than that of a common electrode on the upper substrate and is covered by the common electrode, and each of the pixel electrodes comprises an electrode portion having approximately symmetrical shape.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal device a liquid crystal display having a high contrast over wide viewing angles while reducing the color distortion. A liquid crystal display device comprises a first substrate on which a plurality of pixel electrodes are formed, a second substrate on which an opposing electrode is formed, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates, the second substrate further having thereon a plurality of protrusions, each of the protrusions being positioned at a substantially central portion of a corresponding one of the pixel electrodes.