Abstract: A brush holding device includes a dielectric resin circuit board and at least one metal brush holder secured to the circuit board at its base portion. Each brush holder includes a receiving recess that receives a brush and a spring for urging the brush against a commutator. A side wall of the brush holder located at a radially outer side of the brush holder includes an engaging piece that resiliently engages against an inner peripheral surface of an outer peripheral wall of the circuit board.

Abstract: A brush holding device includes a dielectric resin circuit board and at least one metal brush holder secured to the circuit board at its base portion. Each brush holder includes a receiving recess that receives a brush and a spring for urging the brush against a commutator. A side wall of the brush holder located at a radially outer side of the brush holder includes an engaging piece that resiliently engages against an inner peripheral surface of an outer peripheral wall of the circuit board.

Abstract: In a commutator of an armature of an electric motor, a plurality of segments are arranged on the outer peripheral surface of a commutator ring at equal angular intervals. The segments which are in the same phase and oppose with 180° angular interval are connected through a conductive plate. Each conductive plate is spaced apart a predetermined distance from adjacent ones in the axial direction not to short, and molded within the commutator ring. Each of brushes is shaped to have a width which is sufficient to bridge over three segments. Alternatively, the commutator ring may be shaped to have a tapering protrusion part (25c) and the same-phase segments may be directly connected by a shorting wire along the tapering protrusion part.

Abstract: In a drive apparatus for a pivotable window pane held pivotally at one end thereof by a window frame through hinges, an output shaft driven by an electric motor through a reduction mechanism is coupled to a first link which in turn is coupled to the other end of the window pane through a second link and a hinge. The first link and the second link are so arranged that the joint therebetween moves along an arcuate path. The output shaft is positioned at a side closer to the hinge than the center of the arcuate path is. Further, the joint moves within the outer confine of the motor and the reduction mechanism.

Abstract: A DC motor including a rotatable armature, a pair of permanent magnets functioning as magnetic stator poles, and a flat yoke having a pair of opposed arcuate sections and a pair of opposed flat sections, for receiving the armature. Each of the arcuate sections is formed with a slit extending parallel to the rotational axis of the armature to increase the magnetic reluctance. The magnetic reluctance against a magnetic flux generated by the cross magnetomotive force is increased to reduce the armature reaction by the slits.

Abstract: A stator of an electric motor provides pole retaining portions which retain the poles therein and are radially project at their end portions towards the outer periphery in a ring shape, whereby winding operations around the outer surface of the pole retaining portion are performed from the outside without any restriction, thus allowing a small-sized motor stator to be easily manufactured.