Abstract: A transmission apparatus of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing for multiplexing a plurality of carriers orthogonal to one another to transmit a modulated signal. The transmission apparatus comprises a first modulator for outputting a code modulated in accordance a modulation scheme which can be applied with a synchronous detection for demodulation, a second modulator for outputting a code modulated in accordance with a modulation scheme different from the modulation scheme associated with the first modulator, and a distributing circuit for distributing the codes modulated by the first and second modulators to a plurality of carriers. The distributing circuit distributes the code modulated by the second modulator to all or some of carriers existing within a predetermined number of columns from at least one of both end regions of a signal transmission frequency band, and the code modulated by the first modulator to the remaining carriers.

Abstract: An orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) modulator of such a system as to add guard intervals to a temporal waveform generated by modulating an input data train into a large number of (sub)carriers, conducting quadrature modulation, and outputting an OFDM signal.

Abstract: A data transmission apparatus using a digital modulation system wherein a transmitting side inserts a group of predetermined synchronization symbols into a transmission signal at predetermined intervals to be transmitted. A receiving side calculates an electric power value of a received transmission signal. When a no-signal period (null section) in the synchronization symbol group is to be detected and decided from a magnitude of the received signal electric power value, a threshold for reference of decision for detecting the null section is calculated on the basis of an average electric power value for a predetermined period in the received signal electric power value and the threshold calculated in accordance with the received signal level of the transmission signal is used to detect synchronization stably.

Abstract: In a demodulating method of demodulating amplitude-demodulated signals in an amplitude phase shift keying system for conducting an amplitude modulation by setting signal points as information codes on a complex plane representing a signal space of transmission signals onto circumferences of two concentric circles including a first circle having a first diameter and a second circle having a second diameter smaller than the first diameter on the complex plane, there are obtained, in accordance with an amplitude value of an amplitude component of each symbol of a received amplitude-modulated signal, a first threshold value and a second threshold value having a predetermined relationship with the amplitude value.

Abstract: Transmission method and apparatus allow two channel simultaneous transmission of information codes having a transmission rate of 1.5 Mbps necessary for the transmission of motion pictures or semi-motion pictures through a 2.4 GHz small power communication band (ISM band). Carrier frequencies f.sub.fa and f.sub.hb of the two channels are set to different values from each other, QPSK modulation is demodulated in a receiver and then inverse-spread of the spectrum spread is conducted, and a low pass filter having a root roll-off characteristic is inserted to a succeeding stage of a spectrum spread circuit of a transmitter and a preceding stage of the spectrum inverse-spread circuit of the receiver.

Abstract: An electromagnetic field shielding layer made of an electroconductive material and having windows corresponding to display cells is formed on a substrate on the side of display. Color filters are provided on the windows of the electromagnetic field shielding layer to allow the electromagnetic field shielding layer to exist on boundaries between adjacent color filters. The electromagnetic field shielding layer and color filters may be covered with an insulating body layer.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus for a television and a depth-of-field control apparatus used in the same. Image signals corresponding to a plurality of picture images different in focal point or length position are obtained by a mechanism for changing a focal point or length position to produce a new image signal by composing these image signals through a composition circuit, and motion information of an object is obtained by a circuit for detecting a moving portion in the object to control the image composition by the motion information. The focal point or length position is moved in synchronism with an integer multiple of a vertical scanning period of the television. The image signals corresponding to the plurality of picture images different in focal point or length position are obtained within one vertical scanning period determined by the system of the television. The amount of movement of the focal point or length position is controlled in conjunction with a value of a lens aperture of the camera lens.

Abstract: A signal for a first scanning line including a picture element whose signal does not exist and a signal for a second scanning line adjacent to the first scanning line in the same field are obtained in the same period. Then, a coefficient representing the ratio of the level of the signal for the first scanning line to the level of the signal for the second scanning line is calculated. Multiplying by the coefficient the level of the signal for the second scanning line to thereby provide an interpolation signal. The interpolation signal is added to the signal for the first canning line.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus comprising: a two-dimensional filter for interpolating the registration discrepancy due to the chromatic aberrations of the lens used; and a two-dimensional filter for correcting the fixing discrepancy of an image pickup element. The registration discrepancy may be corrected by guiding video signals from the image pickup element through the two-dimensional filters.

Abstract: In an image pickup apparatus, an interpolation signal for interpolating a discrepancy of registration is calculated from signals of (M.times.N) pieces of arranged elements (M, N being an integer, respectively) the positions of which on a light receiving plane are mutually adjoined with each other among arranged elements corresponding to signals in 2 fields which are continuously output from the respective image pickup elements, whereby the registration error can be corrected. An image pickup element has such a structure that signals having the same element number as an arranged element number corresponding to mutually continuous 2 field signals among the signals read during the normal interlace operation are entirely independently read every 1 field. By utilizing such an image pickup element having the element numbers two times higher than that of the conventional element, the registration error is interpolated from the signals of (M.times.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for purifying a gene-expression product produced by recombinant DNA technique which comprises a specific sequence of steps including adsorption treatment with silica gel, adsorption treatment with activated carbon, at least twice density gradient centrifugation and at least twice equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. The method of the present invention is very effective to remove allergen from gene-expression products contaminated therewith, enabling highly purified gene-expression products to be produced on a large scale.

Abstract: A signal processing apparatus for use with an imaging device having an image signal output circuit inherently generating noise in operation so that noise may be superposed on the image signal. The apparatus comprises a noise suppressor having a sampling and holding circuit for producing noise-suppressed pixel signals carrying different color information to contribute to suppression of noise superposed on the image signal and at the same time to demodulation of chroma signals representative of color components of an image and adders for producing a sum of and a difference between the noise-suppressed pixel signals to thereby produce a luminance signal and chroma signals for an image. The apparatus may further comprise a gain control circuits interposed between the sampling and holding circuit and the difference producing adder so that the amplitudes of the noise-suppressed pixel signals are leveled to improve the color purity of an image reproduced from the image signal.

Abstract: This invention relates to a television camera and more particularly to a solid-state television camera using a solid-state image pickup device. The object of the invention is to provide a solid-state television camera which is devoid of drop of dynamic resolution for a moving object and provides high S/N for a still object. The solid-state television camera of this invention is equipped with pixels 3 from which signals are read out with a predetermined signal storage time, means 21 for detecting motion of an object from the signals of the pixels 3, and pixels 4 from which the signals are read out in the signal storage time in accordance with the detection signal of the detection means 21 l and outputting video signals. The present invention can obtain video signals free from the drop of dynamic resolution for a moving picture and video signals having high S/N for a still picture. As a result, the invention can provide a television camera having excellent picture quality as a whole.

Abstract: A signal read-out apparatus for a solid-state imager employing CCDs (charge-coupled devices) and CPDs (charge priming devices) includes a clamp circuit for eliminating reset noise generated in an amplifier provided at the output of the imager. For eliminating thermal noise of high frequency generated in the amplifier and incapable of being eliminated by the clamp circuit, a low-pass filter is provided in precedence to the clamp circuit. The frequency band of the low-pass filter is not higher than 1.5 times the frequency of a clock pulse signal for driving the solid-state imager. In place of providing the low-pass filter as a discrete component, a low-pass filter having the same characteristics may be constituted by a capacitance of the capacitor and ON-resistance of a switch incorporated in the clamp circuit. The capacitance of the capacitor in the clamp circuit is set to a value greater than the input electrostatic capacity of the amplifier.

Abstract: In the interline type charge transfer imaging device, two of the three groups of wiring through which driving pulses are sent to each of three groups of electrodes constituting vertical charge transfer devices are arranged in horizontal direction and the remaining one group of wiring is arranged in vertical direction. Light-shielding layer is installed on the vertically running wires and the electrodes connected with those wires.

Abstract: In a solid-state imaging device, a chrominance signal different from a signal to be obtained at a specified time among a plurality of chrominance signals to be successively obtained from a solid-state image sensor is interpolated with the chrominance signal obtained directly before the time of interpolation, or with the chrominance signal of a picture element corresponding to the signal to be obtained at the time of interpolation based upon the subject being achromatic. The particular signal to be used for the interpolation is decided based upon the difference between the signal to be obtained at the time of interpolation and a signal of the same chrominance obtained one cycle before the time of interpolation, or the differences between signals obtained directly before the time of interpolation and to be obtained directly after the time of interpolation and the chrominance signals obtained one cycle before the times of these signals.

Abstract: A charge transfer type solid-state device incorporating a charge coupled device (CCD). In order to eliminate field after image and smear, at least two electrode pairs are provided in a vertical CCD shift register for transferring the signal charges stored in photoelectric conversion elements, the electrode pairs being disposed within the vertical pitch of the photoelectric conversion elements.

Abstract: A solid stage imaging device, in which photodiodes each capable of converting incident light into a electric charge and accumulating the electric charge are arranged regularly in a matrix, e.g. in horizontal and vertical directions, and electric charges of the photodiodes are sent to the outside by means of CCD's, includes a scanning circuit which scans switching MOS transistors for transferring the electric charges of the photodiodes to vertical CCD's, in a vertical direction so that switching MOS transistors in a row parallel to a horizontal direction can be driven independently of switching MOS transistors in another row. When the solid state imaging device is driven, an operation for transferring an electric charge in each vertical CCD and an operation for driving switching MOS transistors in the next row with the aid of the scanning circuit are alternately performed, to reduce the amount of smear and to increase the dynamic range of each vertical CCD, without increasing the number of CCD's used.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a method of reducing the vertical smears which are generated in a solid state image sensor including a plurality of vertical signal lines for transferring signal charges in a vertical direction and at least one charge transfer device for transferring the signal charges in a horizontal direction.The smear charges stored in the vertical signal lines and the signal charges generated in a photoelectric conversion element in response to an incident ray are inputted separately of each other for a horizontal blanking period to the charge transfer device for the horizontal transfer. During a tracing period, a smear voltage and a signal voltage are outputted separately of each other from said charge transfer device. The smear voltage adjusted is subtracted from the signal voltage to eliminate the smear component which has been mixed into the signal voltage.

Abstract: In a video signal play-back circuit connected so that a play-back signal from a magnetic head may be applied to an amplifier circuit through a resonance circuit which consists of an inductance element and a capacitance element, a resistor for adjusting the quality factor Q of the resonance circuit is connected between one terminal of the resonance circuit and one output terminal of the amplifier circuit, thereby to reduce thermal noises which develop from the Q adjusting resistor.