Abstract: A trolley camera position detecting apparatus of the present invention is configured so that a girder camera is installed on a girder, a clinometer is installed to the girder camera, a constant value &dgr;o relating to a horizontal travel amount &dgr;g of a girder reference point is measured in advance by using the output values &dgr;cg and &dgr;kg, and on the other hand, the horizontal travel amount &dgr;g is calculated by using the output values &thgr;cg and &dgr;kg of the girder camera and clinometer, which are measured every moment, and the constant value &dgr;o, and the position of a trolley camera with the rail center being a reference is corrected by using the horizontal travel amount &dgr;g.

Abstract: A controller for controlling a reactive series compensator serially inserted at compensator terminals into a power transmission line for controlling the line current. The controller includes a current control loop and a voltage control loop. A current controller outputs a control voltage (ccout) indicating a desired compensator terminal output voltage (uc). A control method selector means generates, in a low output voltage region, a constant reference voltage (uDCref) for the voltage control loop and a variable modulation index mq of a modulation signal m=md cos (&ohgr;t) −mq sin (&ohgr;t). In a high output voltage range, the control method selector outputs a constant modulation index mq and a variable reference voltage (uDCref). The voltage controller outputs the modulation index md of the modulation signal m. Furthermore, the control method selector can include a rate limiter for limiting the change rate of the reference voltage (uDCref).

Abstract: A controller for generating a modulation signal m applied to a transformerless reactive series compensator connected serially in a power transmission line. A modulation signal generator generates a modulation signal m in the form of m=md cos (&ohgr;t)−mq sin (wt). The controller includes a current control loop with a current controller outputting the modulation index mq of the modulation signal m. A voltage control loop including a DC voltage controller outputs the modulation index md, of the modulation signal m. The current control loop and the voltage control loop are respectively provided for outputting indices mq′, md′ in order to control a line current and a DC capacitor voltage of a capacitor of the compensator to reference values. The controller includes a decoupler so that the line controller and the capacitor voltage are independent of the output of the current controller.

Abstract: A power conversion apparatus has a voltage type power convertor, a power control circuit for outputting a first active power reference signal for the voltage type power convertor based on a power reference value Pref and a detection value P of a power detector, a DC voltage detector for outputting a second active power reference signal for the voltage type power convertor based on a DC voltage reference value Vdref and a detection value Vd of the DC voltage detector, and a gate control circuit for firing switching elements in the voltage type power convertor based on both first and second active power reference signals.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting the amplitude and phase of an a.c. signal. The apparatus includes a signal detection circuit for detecting the a.c. signal, a signal splitting circuit for splitting the detected a.c. signal into first and second a.c. signals out of phase with each other by 90.degree.. The signal splitting circuit includes a first order lag circuit having a phase lag, a subtractor, and first and second amplifying circuits. The apparatus also includes a phase compensation circuit coupled to the signal splitting circuit for receiving the first and second a.c. signals from the signal splitting circuit and for advancing the phase of an output signal of the apparatus by the phase lag of the first order lag circuit. The phase compensation circuit also includes an amplitude and phase detection circuit for detecting the amplitude and phase of the detected a.c. signal by implementing a polar coordinate transformation of the first and second a.c. signals received from the signal splitting circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting the amplitude and phase of an a.c. signal detects the a.c. signal with signal detection means (4), calculates an a.c. signal that is phase-shifted by the amount of the phase characteristic .phi. of the calculation circuit (14) at the frequency of the detected a.c. signal, multiplies the detected a.c. signal by cos .phi., and multiplies by 1/sin .phi. the multiplication result subtracted by the phase-shifted a.c. signal.

Abstract: A power converter controlling apparatus outputs voltage signals different in phase from phases of commutation voltages of each switching device by 90 degrees to transform the voltage signals and the commutation voltages in conformity with polar coordinate transformation, and outputs amplitudes of the commutation voltages and the phase differences of the commutation voltages to a reference phase based on the results of the transformation to operate phase-control angles of each switching device on the amplitudes and the phase differences.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting the amplitude and phase of an a.c. signal. The apparatus includes a signal detection circuit for detecting the a.c. signal, a signal splitting circuit for splitting the detected a.c. signal into first and second a.c. signals out of phase with each other by 90.degree.. The signal splitting circuit includes a low-pass filter, and a differentiation circuit. The apparatus also includes a phase compensation circuit coupled to the signal splitting circuit for receiving the first and second a.c. signals from the signal splitting circuit and for advancing the phase of an output signal of the apparatus by the phase lag of the low-pass filter. The phase compensation circuit also includes an amplitude and phased detection circuit for detecting the amplitude and phase of the detected a.c. signal by implementing a polar coordinate transformation of the first and second a.c. signals received from the signal splitting circuit.

Abstract: A suspended load swaying and vibration preventing apparatus for simultaneously controlling prevention of swaying of a suspended load and suppression of vibration of a structural body is provided in a container crane or the like. A trolley position and a trolley velocity are detected by a trolley position detector and a trolley detector. A swaying shift and a swaying velocity of the suspended load is detected by an image sensor. Furthermore, a shift and a velocity of a structural body is detected by a structural body vibration detector. A controller receives the detection signals from these sections, calculates the optimum trolley velocity based upon a control theory and outputs a trolley velocity command. Then, a trolley drive device is driven in accordance with the trolley velocity command from the controller. The suspended load is delivered to a desired position in a stable manner under the condition that swaying of the suspended load and the vibration of the structural body are suppressed.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting the amplitude and phase of an a.c. signal detects the a.c. signal with signal detection means (4), calculates an a.c. signal that is phase-shifted by the amount of the phase characteristic .phi. of the calculation circuit (14) at the frequency of the detected a.c. signal, multiplies the detected a.c. signal by cos .phi., and multiplies by 1/sin .phi. the multiplication result subtracted by the phase-shifted a.c. signal.

Abstract: In a multi-media communication apparatus, a frame control is provided for detecting the quantity of a compressed video signal stored in a video data buffer on the basis of information supplied from a buffer control and for changing over the compression scheme in an audio codec part and the channel allocation scheme in a multiplexing/demultiplexing part according to the detected quantity of the video signal. When the buffer control informs that the quantity of the compressed video signal stored in the video data buffer exceeds a predetermined threshold, the frame control instructs the multiplexing/demultiplexing part to decrease the audio channels and informs the audio codec part to use the corresponding audio encoding scheme.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting the amplitude and phase of an a.c. signal detects the a.c. signal with signal detection means (4), calculates an a.c. signal that is phase-shifted by the amount of the phase characteristic .phi. of the calculation circuit (14) at the frequency of the detected a.c. signal, multiplies the detected a.c. signal by cos .phi., and multiplies by 1/sin .phi. the multiplication result subtracted by the phase-shifted a.c. signal.

Abstract: A process for preparing semiconductor devices by forming an insulation coating, such as a low melting point glass, on the surface of a semiconductor substrate and then forming a shaved groove through the insulation coating to the inner part of the semiconductor substrate. The insulation coating is one that is easily subject to cracking when shaved by a high speed rotating diamond blade having substantially parallel side surfaces.The low melting point glass and the semiconductor substrate are shaved by a diamond blade having a tapered edge which rotates in high speed, without forming a crack in the insulation coating or breaking a part of the semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor substrate is divided along the shaved groove in a dicing step to obtain separated semiconductor pellets.

Abstract: An ester compound of the formula: ##EQU1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or hydroxy, R.sup.2 is alkyl of one to five carbon atoms, alkenyl of two to three carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of three to five carbon atoms or methylcycloalkyl of four to six carbon atoms and Y is alkylene of one to four carbon atoms, is disclosed. Several methods for preparing the compound[I] are also disclosed. The compound[I] is useful as a non-nutritive sweetening agent.