Abstract: A liquid crystal display element which includes two opposing electrodes, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between said electrodes, wherein an alignment film for aligning a liquid crystal of said liquid crystal layer in at least three different directions is disposed above a side of said liquid crystal layer of at least one of said electrodes is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal composite layer of the polymer dispersion type wherein a liquid crystal material comprising compounds of formulae (1) and (2) is dispersed in a matrix polymer; wherein formula (1) is: ##STR1## wherein A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 each represent independently a benzene ring, cyclohexane ring, pyrimidine ring or trans-1,3-dioxane ring;X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, X.sub.4,X.sub.5 and X.sub.6 each independently represent H, F or Cl;Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 each independently represent a single bond, --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.dbd.CH--, --C.tbd.C--, --COO-- or --OCO--;Q represents a single bond, --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CF.sub.2 --, --OCF.sub.2, --C.sub.2 F.sub.4 --, --CCl.sub.2 -- or --C.sub.2 Cl.sub.4 --;Y represents H, F or Cl;R represents C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 O--, C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 CH.dbd.CH-- (n=2-10);m represents 0, 1 or 2; ##STR2## in which B and C represent respectively C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 --, C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 O--, C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 CH.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to improve the display uniformity of a liquid crystal display apparatus and thereby make the viewing angle less problematic. A pair of first electrodes are formed on one of a pair of light transmitting substrates and a second electrode is formed on each of the first electrodes by polymerizing a conducting polymeric material thereon by the use of constant current electro-polymerization method so as to have a thickness almost equal to the liquid crystal layer thickness. The pair of the first electrodes and the second electrode formed thereon are used as display electrodes. An orientation film is formed on each of the one light transmitting substrate on which the display electrodes are formed and the other of the pair of light transmitting substrates, and thereby a pair of substrate members are formed. A liquid crystal layer is interposed between the substrate members.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising: a first substrate having a signal electrode and a scanning electrode insulated from each other through an insulating layer, said first substrate being further provided with a switching transistor and a pixel electrode both in association with an intersection of said signal electrode and said scanning electrode; a liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal material of a positive dielectric anisotropy dispersed or impregnated in a transparent fluoro-type polymer of a fluoroalkyl acrylate or metacrylate or its copolymer with an alkyl acrylate or metacrylate; and a second substrate having a counter electrode to be placed at least opposite to said pixel electrode, said first and second substrate being disposed as opposed to each other so as to sandwich said liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes: two substrates facing each other, at least one of the substrates being transparent; electrodes disposed on inside surfaces of the respective substrates; a display medium which is provided between the two substrates and formed of polymer walls containing a polymer as their main component and liquid crystal regions containing liquid crystal as their main component; and a plurality of pixels, wherein the liquid crystal regions are partitioned by the polymer walls and are close to the substrates, portions of the liquid crystal regions close to the substrates being in parallel with the substrates, an interval a between the center of one liquid crystal region and the center of an adjacent liquid crystal region in a direction along the surface of the substrate is within a width of one pixel along the direction, and 80% or more of the intervals a satisfy the relationship: 3b/2>a>b/2, where b is an average of the intervals a.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device according to the present invention includes a pair of electrode substrates and a polymer dispersed liquid crystal complex film interposed between the pair of substrates. The polymer dispersed liquid crystal complex film includes a liquid crystal composition and a polymer resin composition. It is ensured that a value .DELTA.T is 25.degree. C. or less, and a glass transition temperature T.sub.g of the polymer resin composition is 60.degree. C. or more, the value .DELTA.T being defined as a difference between a phase transition temperature T.sub.CI of the liquid crystal composition between a liquid crystal phase and an isotropic liquid phase thereof and a phase transition temperature T.sub.matrix of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal complex film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display comprises transparent electrodes formed on opposite surfaces of a pair of transparent substrates and a liquid crystal layer filled between the transparent substrate, in which the liquid crystal layer is formed of at least two kinds of liquid crystals which are separated each other and provided in the form of a layer in the direction horizontal to the substrate, a first kind of liquid crystal includes at least one kind of liquid crystal (liquid crystal I) showing that dielectric constant anisotropy .DELTA..epsilon.>0 and refractive index anisotropy .DELTA.n>0 and a second kind of liquid crystal includes at least one kind of liquid crystal (liquid crystal II) showing that the dielectric constant anisotropy .DELTA..epsilon.<0 and the refractive index anisotropy .DELTA.n>0 or liquid crystal (liquid crystal III) showing that the dielectric constant anisotropy .DELTA..epsilon.>0 and the refractive index anisotropy .DELTA.n<0.

Abstract: A polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display element includes two layers of polymer dispersion type liquid crystal layers being overlaid and having liquid crystal drops positive in dielectric anisotropy dispersed in a polymer in which light scattering and transmission are controlled electrically, a transparent support element for scattering light between the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal layers, being interposed and a liquid crystal display device having a colored reflector plate disposed on the back of one polymer dispersion type liquid crystal layer. In one of the two layers of polymer dispersion type liquid crystal layers, a liquid crystal layer containing a dichroic dye is dispersed, and coloring and light transmission are electrically controlled, and a white reflector plate is disposed on the back side of one of the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal layers to realize the liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a polymer dispersion-type liquid crystal display device having a high holding rate, a superior display quality and a high reliability; the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention composed of (i) a display electrode substrate, (ii) a counter electrode substrate and (iii) a liquid crystal layer interposed between said display electrode substrate and said counter electrode substrate, in which liquid crystals having a positive anisotropy in dielectric constant are dispersed in a transparent polymer; the transparent polymer is a photo cation polymerization setting-type transparent polymer and the liquid crystals are fluorine-containing aryl compounds.

Abstract: A data processing system for array computation including a global memory, a control processor unit for executing microprograms preloaded from the global memory in a local memory of the processor unit, and an array processor unit controlled by the instructions generated by the control processor unit from the microprograms for executing array computations with an array of data preloaded from the global memory into a local array memory, the selected architecture of the array processor unit being dynamically reconfigurable to best meet array computation to be performed, and to provide reduced overhead operations.