Abstract: An optical scanner suitable for use with a bar code reader includes a light source for generating a laser beam, a laser beam scanning device, a scanning pattern generating optical system, and a signal light condensing optical system for deflecting scattered signal light scattered by an object to be read to introduce the light to a photo-detector. The scanning pattern generating optical system or signal light condensing optical system includes two reflective holograms disposed substantially in parallel with each other to produce a reflection beam having an angle of reflection which is different from an angle of incidence of the laser beam thereon. The scanner is a miniaturized apparatus as a result of the reflection holograms.

Abstract: An electrophotographic printing apparatus comprises an electrifying unit for electrifying a surface of a photosensitive drum, an exposing unit for selectively exposing the photosensitive drum to form an electrostatic latent image, a developing unit for developing the electrostatic latent image, a transferring unit for transferring the developed image to a paper sheet, a deelectrifying unit for removing unnecessary charges left on the surface of the photosensitive drum after the image transfer, thereby enabling the surface to be electrified again.

Abstract: A power supply device includes a first output circuit for outputting a power supply voltage of a first potential, a second output circuit for outputting a power supply voltage of a second potential, a circuit for connecting the first and second output circuits, a circuit for applying a predetermined central potential to the connecting circuit, a circuit for generating a reference potential having a predetermined potential difference from the central potential, a circuit for generating a first detection potential corresponding to the first potential, a circuit for generating a second detection potential corresponding to both the first potential and the second potential, a circuit for controlling the first output circuit to minimize a potential difference between the first detection potential and the reference potential, a circuit for controlling the second output circuit to minimize a potential difference between the second detection potential and the central potential, and a circuit for forcibly changing at l

Abstract: A laser beam scanner comprising a scanning window through which scanning beams are emitted, a plurality of hologram layers constituting the scanning window, and an optical system for impinging a laser beam on the hologram layers in a manner such that the trace of the laser beam scanning each hologram layer intersets that of the other hologram layers on the scanning window.

Abstract: A hologram scanner includes a laser source, a rotary body having a rotational axis at least one hologram facet arranged on the rotary body for diffracting a laser beam from the laser source to scan an object and receive the scattered light from the object for detection thereof, a motor means for driving the rotary body, and an optical detector for detecting the scattered light received and diffracted by the hologram facet. The hologram facet is inclined with respect to the rotational axis of the rotary body.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersed urethane composition which is excellent in film-forming property and useful in protecting glass bottles when formed into a film can be obtained by producing a urethane oligomer by interacting a polyoxyalkylene glycol having a molecular weight equal to or above 1200, a low molecular weight chain-elongating agent selected from a glycol, an amino-alcohol and a diamine each having a molecular weight below 500, an isocyanate-blocking agent selected from an oxime, a lactam and an alcohol, and a diisocyanate, and dispersing the urethane oligomer and a hardener in water by the use of a surface active agent such that the sum by weight of the surface active agent contained in the aqueous dispersed urethane composition and the polyoxyalkylene glycol which is one of the starting materials for the production of the urethane oligomer is in the range of 15 to 35% of the sum by weight of the surface active agent, the urethane oligomer and the hardener.

Abstract: A process for the production of alcohols by the direct hydration of an olefin with water under liquid phase hydration conditions and in the presence of a catalytic amount of a sulfonic acid catalyst represented by the general formulae (1) or (2)ACF.sub.2 SO.sub.3 H (1)b(cf.sub.2 so.sub.3 h).sub.n (2)wherein A represents hydrogen, halogen, a sulfonic radical, a sulfodifluoromethyl radical or a monovalent unsubstituted aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic residue consisting of hydrocarbon or fluorohydrocarbon radicals containing less than 20 carbon atoms and B represents a di-, tri- or tetravalent unsubstituted aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic residue consisting of hydrocarbon or fluorohydrocarbon radicals containing less than 20 carbon atoms in direct corresponding to the value of n being 2, 3 or 4.

Abstract: Diphenols, alkyl ethers and aryl ethers of diphenols are produced by subjecting phenols, alkyl ethers and aryl ethers of phenols to oxidation with an organic per-acid in the presence of at least one member selected from the group consisting of acetyl acetone and acetonyl acetone as the catalyst.