Abstract: A luminaire (11) includes a luminaire main body (21), an attachment plate (23), a plurality of light emitting modules (24), a plurality of lenses (25), and a lighting circuit (26). The luminaire main body (21) includes an opening (34) in a lower surface. The attachment plate (23) has a flat plate shape and is arranged in the luminaire main body (21), and a lower surface faces the opening (34). The plurality of light-emitting modules (24) include semiconductor light-emitting elements, and are attached to the lower surface of the attachment plate (23). The plurality of lenses (25) are provided for the respective light-emitting modules (24), and control luminous intensity distribution of light from the light-emitting modules (24). The lighting circuit (26) is arranged above the attachment plate (23) in the luminaire main body (21), and lights the light-emitting modules (24).

Abstract: A screwing device includes a screw shaft and a knob. The screw shaft is provided with a screw center axis as the center thereof. The knob includes a knob body having the screw shaft projecting therefrom and an operating hole provided on the knob body about a hole center axis as the center thereof, the hole center axis extending in a direction orthogonal to the screw center axis. The operation hole is arranged at a position deviated from the screw center axis so that the hole center axis does not intersect the screw center axis.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an optical unit includes a light emitting module having a light emitting element, a supporting substrate supporting the light emitting module, a reflector controlling distribution of light from the light emitting module, and a heat sink thermally connected to the supporting substrate.

Abstract: In an X-ray generator using an ultraviolet laser, the generation of the X-ray is stabilized. In an X-ray generation method for irradiating an ultraviolet laser beam emitted from an ultraviolet laser beam generator on an ultraviolet laser beam receiving surface of an electron beam emitting device, irradiating an electron beam emitted from an electron beam emitting surface of the electron beam emitting device distinguished from the ultraviolet laser beam receiving surface on a metal piece and generating an X-ray from the metal piece, denaturalization of substance of the ultraviolet laser beam receiving surface is prevented by controlling the ultraviolet laser beam.

Abstract: Disclosed is an X-ray generator (1) comprised of an electron emission element (10) which receives energy to emit electrons; a metal piece (20) which receives the electrons emitted from the electron emission element (10) to emit an X-ray; and energy supply portions (3, 5) which supply energy to the electron emission element (10), wherein the energy supply portions (3, 5) irradiate a pyroelectric element functioning as an electron emission element with, for example, ultraviolet pulsed light, and a high-energy local portion is formed in the pyroelectric element. Thus, the X-ray generator wherein the size thereof can be reduced, and an on/off control for the generation of X-ray can be easily performed, can be provided.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus according to an embodiment includes an optical unit and a body. The Optical unit includes a light emitting module that has a light emitting element, a reflector that controls distribution of light from the light emitting module, and a unit supporting member that supports the light emitting module and the reflector. A plurality of optical units are mounted to the apparatus body such that each optical unit is detachable. And the body includes an irradiating portion that has an opening through which the optical units irradiate light.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an optical unit includes a light emitting module having a light emitting element, a supporting substrate supporting the light emitting module, a reflector controlling distribution of light from the light emitting module, and a heat sink thermally connected to the supporting substrate.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a vehicle air conditioner that can perform air conditioning operation in an inside air circulating mode while suppressing the mist on a windshield and prevent deterioration in an inside air quality. When exhaust gas concentration on the outside of a vehicle is high, an outside air lead-in mode is switched to an inside air circulating mode and window mist limit humidity at that point is calculated. When inside humidity is close to the window mist limit, a compressor is actuated, the air is blown out from a DEF blowout port into a cabin, or an air volume in a blower is increased to prevent the mist on the windshield and delay switching to the outside air lead-in mode as much as possible. Consequently, air conditioning operation in the inside air circulating mode is performed while the mist on the windshield is suppressed to prevent deterioration in the inside air quality.

Abstract: In the expander (50) in a drum brake, when the brake is activated, the sleeve (56) is extended in the lateral directions in the drawing by the wedge (52) inserted within the housing (51), and the shoe engaged with the clip (58) is swung to press the lining (23) against the drum, and friction braking is performed. When the lining (23) wears away and the amount of movement of the sleeve (56) increases, the sleeve (56) is rotated by reciprocal action with a drive ring (62) that is engaged with the periphery of the sleeve and, thereby, the pressing screw (57) screwed thereon comes out by the amount of the increase of movement (the amount of wear on the lining). A flat surface (56c) is formed on the periphery of the sleeve and the detecting head (80) of the displacement detection apparatus detects the rotation of the sleeve (56).

Abstract: In the expander 50 in a drum brake, when the brake is activated, the sleeve 56 is extended in the lateral directions in the drawing by the wedge 52 inserted within the housing 51, and the shoe engaged with the clip 58 is swung to press the lining 23 against the drum, and friction braking is performed. When the lining 23 wears away and the amount of movement of the sleeve 56 increases, the sleeve 56 is rotated by reciprocal action with a drive ring 62 that is engaged with the periphery of the sleeve and, thereby, the pressing screw 57 screwed thereon comes out by the amount of the increase of movement (the amount of wear on the lining). A flat surface 56c is formed on the periphery of the sleeve and the detecting head 80 of the displacement detection apparatus detects the rotation of the sleeve 56. The controller performs a warning operation with the warning means when the cumulative number rotations of the sleeve 56 has reached a prescribed number of rotations.

Abstract: To prevent after-corrosion of wiring or electrodes formed by patterning films of aluminum or an alloy thereof by reactive ion etching (RIE) using an etchant containing chlorine gas or its gaseous compounds, residual chlorine on the surface of the wiring or electrodes is removed by exposing it to a plasma generated in an atmosphere containing water vapor or to neutral active species extracted from the plasma. This treatment is performed either at the same time or after an ashing operation, an operation for removing a resist mask used in the aforesaid RIE by adding water vapor to an atmosphere containing oxygen. To perform the latter separate treatment, an automatic processing system is disclosed in which an after-treatment apparatus for removing residual chlorine is connected, via a second load lock chamber, to an ashing apparatus connected to a RIE apparatus by a load lock chamber which is capable of making a vacuum.

Abstract: A high-frequency oscillator including an oscillation circuit (1) having a quartz crystal (X) and an amplifying element (Q.sub.2), a power amplifying circuit (3) for amplifying the output of the oscillation circuit, and a control system (Q.sub.7, 6) for varying a bias voltage of the amplifying element to thereby control the output power of the power amplification circuit. The control system comprises an FET (Q.sub.7) connected at the drain thereof to the amplifying element, and a control circuit (6) for applying a control signal to the gate of the FET.