Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a converting portion having a plurality of electrical conductors to be arranged in mutual separation and a medium arranged so as to mutually connect the plurality of electrical conductors, wherein the converting portion is the information processing apparatus to convert an input signal to an output signal. The medium includes the electrolyte and is configured to be capable of controlling an electrical conductivity of an electrically conductive path mutually electrically connecting the plurality of electrical conductors, and the medium is selected such that the electrical conductivity of the electrically conductive path changes over time with the input signal not being present.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method for producing hydrogen fluoride which can suppress the occurrence of the pasty state over the whole process of producing hydrogen fluoride, reduce the problem of corrosion caused by sulfuric acid, and improve energy efficiency of the process. A method for producing hydrogen fluoride by reacting calcium fluoride and sulfuric acid comprises: (a) mixing and reacting calcium fluoride and sulfuric acid such that a mixture comprising calcium fluoride particles and sulfuric acid substantially maintains a form of particulate to obtain hydrogen fluoride while supplying sulfuric acid to the calcium fluoride particles at a flow rate of 0.002 to 1 mol/min relative to 1 mol of calcium fluoride to such an amount that a molar ratio of sulfuric acid/calcium fluoride is 0.9 to 1.1.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method for producing hydrogen fluoride which can suppress the occurrence of the pasty state over the whole process of producing hydrogen fluoride, reduce the problem of corrosion caused by sulfuric acid, and improve energy efficiency of the process. A method for producing hydrogen fluoride by reacting calcium fluoride and sulfuric acid comprises: (a) mixing and reacting calcium fluoride and sulfuric acid such that a mixture comprising calcium fluoride particles and sulfuric acid substantially maintains a form of particulate to obtain hydrogen fluoride while supplying sulfuric acid to the calcium fluoride particles at a flow rate of 0.002 to 1 mol/min relative to 1 mol of calcium fluoride to such an amount that a molar ratio of sulfuric acid/calcium fluoride is 0.9 to 1.1.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method for producing hydrogen fluoride which can suppress the occurrence of the pasty state over the whole process of producing hydrogen fluoride, reduce the problem of corrosion caused by sulfuric acid, and improve energy efficiency of the process. A method for producing hydrogen fluoride by reacting calcium fluoride and sulfuric acid comprises: (a) mixing and reacting calcium fluoride and sulfuric acid such that a mixture comprising calcium fluoride particles and sulfuric acid substantially maintains a form of particulate to obtain hydrogen fluoride while supplying sulfuric acid to the calcium fluoride particles at a flow rate of 0.002 to 1 mol/min relative to 1 mol of calcium fluoride to such an amount that a molar ratio of sulfuric acid/calcium fluoride is 0.9 to 1.1.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a fluorine-containing polymer powder that is environmentally less harmful and forms a sufficiently smooth film without impairing the properties of the fluorine-containing polymers. The present invention relates to a fluorine-containing polymer powder including a fluorine-containing polymer prepared by suspension polymerization, which contains less than 0.1 ppm of a fluorine-containing surfactant and has an average particle size of not less than 1 ?m and less than 100 ?m and a bulk density of 0.90 to 1.50 g/cm3.

Abstract: A transparent electrode comprising a nitrogen-containing layer, and an electrode layer provided adjacent to the nitrogen-containing layer and having silver as a main component. The nitrogen-containing layer is configured using a compound containing nitrogen atoms, wherein the effective unshared electron pair content [n/M] is 2.0×10?3?[n/M], n being the number of unshared electron pairs that are not involved in aromaticity and that are not coordinated with the metal from among the unshared electron pairs of the nitrogen atoms, and M being the molecular weight.

Abstract: Provided is a transparent electrode having sufficient electrical conductivity and light transmissibility, as well as an electronic device and an organic electroluminescence element whose performance is improved by using such a transparent electrode. A transparent electrode (1) has an electrode layer (1b) composed of silver, wherein the film-thickness of the electrode layer (1b) is 12 nm or less at which sheet resistance is measurable, and wherein the circumferential length of apertures (a) obtained by processing a scanning electron microscope image of a surface region (S) with an area of 500 nm×500 nm of the electrode layer (1b) is, in sum total, 3000 nm or less.

Abstract: Provided are: a transparent electrode which exhibits excellent resistance to high temperature and high humidity, while having surface smoothness; a method for producing this transparent electrode; and an electronic device which has improved reliability by using this transparent electrode. A transparent electrode is configured to comprise a metal thin wire pattern that is formed on one main surface of a transparent substrate using metal nanoparticles and a metal oxide layer that has a surface roughness of 5 nm or less and is formed on the main surface of the transparent substrate so as to cover the surface of the metal thin wire pattern.

Abstract: A transparent electrode includes a nitrogen-containing layer constituted by using a compound containing a nitrogen atom (N), an electrode layer containing silver (Ag) as a main component, which is disposed adjacent to the nitrogen-containing layer, and two high-refractive index layers each having a higher refractive index than that of the nitrogen-containing layer, which are disposed so that the electrode layer and the nitrogen-containing layer are sandwiched between the high-refractive index layers.

Abstract: A transparent conductor which includes: a conductive layer that is formed of a metal material having a thickness of 15 nm or less and a platinum group element-containing layer including at least one of Pt and Pd, wherein, when an optical admittance at an interface on a side of the admittance-adjusting layer of the conductive layer at a wavelength of 570 nm is expressed as Y1=x1+iy1 and an optical admittance at an interface on a side opposite to the admittance-adjusting layer of the conductive layer at a wavelength of 570 nm is expressed as Y2=x2+iy2, at least one of x1 and x2 is 1.6 or more.

Abstract: Provided is a transparent electrode having both sufficient conductivity and light transmittance, and also provided is an electronic device which improves performance by using said transparent electrode. Further provided is method of manufacturing said transparent electrode. This transparent electrode is provided with a nitrogen-containing layer and an electrode layer. The nitrogen-containing layer is formed at a deposition speed of 0.3 nm/s or greater, and is configured using a compound containing nitrogen atoms. Further, the electrode layer is provided adjacent to the nitrogen-containing layer, has a 12 nm or lower film thickness and a measurable sheet resistance, and is configured using silver or an alloy having silver as the main component.

Abstract: Provided is a transparent electrode including a nitrogen-containing layer and an electrode layer provided adjacent thereto. The nitrogen-containing layer includes a compound that contains a nitrogen atom or atoms and has an effective lone pair content n/M of 2.0×10?3 or more, wherein n represents the number of unshared electron pairs that neither contribute to aromaticity nor are coordinated to metal among the unshared electron pairs of the nitrogen atom or atoms, and M represents the molecular weight of the compound. The electrode layer includes silver as a main component and at least one additive element selected from aluminum, gold, indium, copper, palladium, and platinum.

Abstract: A transparent electrode is configured which is provided with: a nitrogen-containing layer; a conductive layer which is provided abutting the nitrogen-containing layer, and which has silver as a main component thereof; a high refractive index layer having a refractive index higher than that of the nitrogen-containing layer; and a low refractive index layer having a refractive index lower than that of the high refractive index layer. In the nitrogen-containing layer, a compound is used which includes nitrogen atoms, and which has, in cases when n represents the number of unshared electron pairs which are not involved in aromaticity and which are not coordinated to metal, from among the unshared electron pairs of the nitrogen atoms, and M represents molecular weight, an effective unshared-electron-pair content [n/M] that satisfies 2.0×10?3?[n/M].

Abstract: A friction stir welding device (1) includes a workpiece disposition unit (2) at which workpieces (W) is disposed, a main body section (3) disposed at a surface (W4) of the workpieces (W) disposed at the workpiece disposition unit (2), a tool holding unit (4) formed in the main body section (3) to enable advance and retreat in a direction facing the workpieces (Z), which is a direction approaching and separating from the workpieces (W) disposed at the workpiece disposition unit (2), and configured to hold a tool (100), and a support medium (5) formed to satisfy a predetermined relative positional relationship in the direction facing the workpieces (Z) with respect to a first shoulder surface of the tool (100) attached to the tool holding unit (4) and configured to support the tool holding unit (4) on the surface (W4) of the workpieces (W) disposed at the workpieces disposition unit (2).

Abstract: Provided is an organic electroluminescent element that makes it possible to use a silver electride of a thin film as a cathode. The organic electroluminescent element is provided with a transparent electrode comprising silver as a main component, a counter electrode arranged so as to face the transparent electrode, and a light-emitting unit that is sandwiched between the transparent electrode and the counter electrode. A calcium-containing layer is provided adjacent to the transparent electrode between the transparent electrode and the light-emitting unit. The transparent electrode is used as a cathode and the counter electrode is used as an anode.

Abstract: Provided are: a transparent electrode which exhibits excellent resistance to high temperature and high humidity, while having surface smoothness; a method for producing this transparent electrode; and an electronic device which has improved reliability by using this transparent electrode. A transparent electrode is configured to comprise a metal thin wire pattern that is formed on one main surface of a transparent substrate using metal nanoparticles and a metal oxide layer that has a surface roughness of 5 nm or less and is formed on the main surface of the transparent substrate so as to cover the surface of the metal thin wire pattern.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method for producing hydrogen fluoride which can suppress the occurrence of the pasty state over the whole process of producing hydrogen fluoride, reduce the problem of corrosion caused by sulfuric acid, and improve energy efficiency of the process. A method for producing hydrogen fluoride by reacting calcium fluoride and sulfuric acid comprises: (a) mixing and reacting calcium fluoride and sulfuric acid such that a mixture comprising calcium fluoride particles and sulfuric acid substantially maintains a form of particulate to obtain hydrogen fluoride while supplying sulfuric acid to the calcium fluoride particles at a flow rate of 0.002 to 1 mol/min relative to 1 mol of calcium fluoride to such an amount that a molar ratio of sulfuric acid/calcium fluoride is 0.9 to 1.1.

Abstract: This organic electroluminescent element is provided with: a transparent electrode that is mainly composed of silver (Ag); a reflective electrode that is formed of a metal; and at least one light emitting layer that is provided between the transparent electrode and the reflective electrode. This organic electroluminescent element is configured such that the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of element reflectance of light having a wavelength of 450-750 nm is 30% or less.

Abstract: A transparent conductor which includes: a conductive layer that is formed of a metal material having a thickness of 15 nm or less and a platinum group element-containing layer including at least one of Pt and Pd, wherein, when an optical admittance at an interface on a side of the admittance-adjusting layer of the conductive layer at a wavelength of 570 nm is expressed as Y1=x1+iy1 and an optical admittance at an interface on a side opposite to the admittance-adjusting layer of the conductive layer at a wavelength of 570 nm is expressed as Y2=x2+iy2, at least one of x1 and x2 is 1.6 or more.

Abstract: The electronic device manufacturing apparatus is provided with: a substrate holding member; a first supply source which is provided so as to move relative to the primary surface side of the substrate, and which forms a nitrogen-containing layer by supplying a nitrogen-containing compound towards the primary surface of the substrate; and a second supply source which is disposed downstream of the first supply source in the direction of movement relative to the substrate, which forms a transparent electrode layer by supplying towards the primary surface of the substrate an electrode material having silver as the main component thereof, and which is disposed such that, between starting formation and two minutes after finishing formation of the nitrogen-containing layer at a prescribed position on the substrate, formation of the transparent electrode layer is started at said prescribed position on the substrate.