Abstract: A glass container has a container main body made of glass and a coating film formed on a surface of the container main body. The coating film is made of tin oxide or titanium oxide, and the film thickness of the coating film ranges from 40 nm to 50 nm. In the depth profile obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, an atomic percentage of sodium at a point where a tin or titanium profile intersects a silicon profile is 2% or less.

Abstract: A glass container has a container main body made of glass and a coating film formed on a surface of the container main body. The coating film is made of tin oxide or titanium oxide, and the film thickness of the coating film ranges from 40 nm to 50 nm. In the depth profile obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, an atomic percentage of sodium at a point where a tin or titanium profile intersects a silicon profile is 2% or less.

Abstract: A secure, inexpensive, convenient payment system which allows an existing communication to be used to make an expensive payment terminal unnecessary, makes local communication unnecessary to make it possible to use the system by a seller and a buyer, uses closed-loop type electronic money to make it possible to make payment on delivery is obtained. An account database 6 which is arranged as equipment of a communication carrier and manages accounts of sellers and buyers (users), and a payment server 5 which is arranged as equipment of the communication carrier and performs an electronic payment process between the seller and the buyer are arranged. In the payment server 5, a primary payment server 3 and a secondary payment server 4 are arranged. When a payment request from a user is received through a communication network 10, the primary payment server 3 refers to the account database 6 to perform a real-time payment process by electronic money as primary payment between accounts of the seller and the buyer.

Abstract: To provide a mobile communication system that can prevent unauthorized use of an encryption key otherwise caused by loss thereof and that can securely perform a direct communication between terminals using the encryption key. A portable terminal apparatus 1-1 transmits a P2P communication trigger to a portable terminal apparatus 1-n through a key managing/distributing server 3. In response to the transmission/reception of the trigger, the portable terminal apparatuses 1-1 and 1-n establish IPsec data sessions with the key managing/distributing server 3 through a SIP server 2 and a secret key is distributed per communication to the portable terminal apparatuses 1-1 and 1-n from the key managing/distributing server 3. The portable terminal apparatuses 1-1 and 1-n establish an IPsec data session therebetween using the secret key, thereby performing a P2P communication.

Abstract: A secure, inexpensive, convenient payment system which allows an existing communication to be used to make an expensive payment terminal unnecessary, makes local communication unnecessary to make it possible to use the system by a seller and a buyer, uses closed-loop type electronic money to make it possible to make payment on delivery is obtained. An account database 6 which is arranged as equipment of a communication carrier and manages accounts of sellers and buyers (users), and a payment server 5 which is arranged as equipment of the communication carrier and performs an electronic payment process between the seller and the buyer are arranged. In the payment server 5, a primary payment server 3 and a secondary payment server 4 are arranged. When a payment request from a user is received through a communication network 10, the primary payment server 3 refers to the account database 6 to perform a real-time payment process by electronic money as primary payment between accounts of the seller and the buyer.