Abstract: A quantum circuit includes a plurality of first optical waveguides and a plurality of second optical waveguides formed on a substrate and each of which includes a single-photon source; a first multiplexer formed on the substrate and configured to condense first photons propagated through the plurality of first optical waveguides; a second multiplexer formed on the substrate and configured to condense second photons propagated through the plurality of second optical waveguides; a branching element configured to introduce the first photons condensed by the first multiplexer and the second photons condensed by the second multiplexer and branch the first photons and the second photons in a first direction and a second direction; a first detector configured to detect the first photons and the second photons branched in the first direction; and a second detector configured to detect the first photons and the second photons branched in the second direction.

Abstract: A problem is inputted into an operation unit. A computation unit searches for a ground state of an Ising model. A management unit converts the problem inputted from the operation unit to the Ising model, inputs the Ising model produced by conversion and initial operating conditions into the computation unit, and has the computation unit search for the ground state using overall operating conditions produced by changing the initial operating conditions based on a result of the computation unit searching for the ground state using the initial operating conditions.

Abstract: An optimization apparatus includes a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and the processor configured to: compute a local solution for a combinatorial optimization problem based on a first evaluation function representing the combinatorial optimization problem, select a state variable group targeted by partial problems from the plurality of state variables based on a first state variable whose value at the local solution is a predetermined value among the plurality of state variables included in the first evaluation function, a weight coefficient representing a magnitude of an interaction between the plurality of state variables held in a storage unit, and input selection region information, search a ground state for a second evaluation function representing the partial problems for the selected state variable group, and generate a whole solution by updating the local solution based on the partial solutions acquired by the ground state search.

Abstract: An optimization apparatus, includes a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to: extract a set of variables satisfying a part of constraint conditions of a combinatorial optimization problem based on problem data indicating the combinatorial optimization problem, generate an evaluation function with the reduced constraint conditions based on the problem data and the extracted set of variables, and execute a search for a ground state for the generated evaluation function.

Abstract: An optimization apparatus includes a search unit configured to perform a search for solutions by using a first method by which a value of an objective function including constraints is probabilistically improved, and a generation unit configured to generate a first state that is at more than a predetermined distance from previous solutions obtained by the search unit, and to obtain a local solution by use of a second method by which state transitions starting from the first state are performed such as to satisfy the constraints and to improve the value of the objective function with a higher probability than by the first method, followed by outputting the local solution as an initial state, wherein a process of the generation unit outputting the initial state and a process of the search unit performing the search for solutions based on the first method from the initial state are iteratively performed.

Abstract: An optimization apparatus includes a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and the processor configured to: compute a local solution for a combinatorial optimization problem based on a first evaluation function representing the combinatorial optimization problem, select a state variable group targeted by partial problems from the plurality of state variables based on a first state variable whose value at the local solution is a predetermined value among the plurality of state variables included in the first evaluation function, a weight coefficient representing a magnitude of an interaction between the plurality of state variables held in a storage unit, and input selection region information, search a ground state for a second evaluation function representing the partial problems for the selected state variable group, and generate a whole solution by updating the local solution based on the partial solutions acquired by the ground state search.

Abstract: An optimization device includes: a state hold circuit that holds values of a plurality of state variables included in an evaluation function representing energy; a calculation circuit that calculates a change value of the energy for each transition occurred in response to a change in any of the values of the plurality of state variables; and a transition control circuit including: a plurality of first selection circuits each of which randomly selects an intermediate candidate from a predetermined number of state transitions based on a propriety of acceptance of each of the state transitions, the propriety being obtained by comparing thermal excitation energy with an energy change for a corresponding state transition, the thermal excitation energy being calculated using each of independent random numbers a number of which is same as the predetermined number; and a second selection circuit that randomly selects one state transition from intermediate candidates selected.

Abstract: A problem is inputted into an operation unit. A computation unit searches for a ground state of an Ising model. A management unit converts the problem inputted from the operation unit to the Ising model, inputs the Ising model produced by conversion and initial operating conditions into the computation unit, and has the computation unit search for the ground state using overall operating conditions produced by changing the initial operating conditions based on a result of the computation unit searching for the ground state using the initial operating conditions.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a compound having an antagonistic action against ?-opioid receptors, which causes less side effects and thus is highly safe. A compound represented by the general formula (I), or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof: wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different, and each represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, provided that R1 and R2 are not simultaneously halogen atoms, R3 represents a C1-C3 alkyl group or a vinyl group, and R4 represents the formula (II): wherein R5 represents a hydroxy group or a C1-C3 alkoxy group, and R6 and R7 are the same or different, and each represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; or the formula (III): wherein Ring A represents a halogen atom(s)-substituted C5-C7 cycloalkyl group which is optionally substituted by a C1-C3 alkoxy group, or a halogen atom(s)-substituted 5- to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic group.

Abstract: A compound having a V2 receptor agonistic activity is provided. Providing a pharmaceutical composition which contains, as an active ingredient, a compound represented by general formula (I) described below: [R1 is formula described below: (A is a lower alkylene group which may be substituted with lower alkyl group; R6 is a hydrogen atom; R7 is a hydroxyl group, an aromatic heterocyclic group which may be substituted with lower alkyl group, carbamoyl group); R2 is a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl group; R3 is lower alkyl group which may be substituted with 1-3 fluorine atoms, or halogen atom; R4 is a five-membered aromatic monocyclic heterocyclic group, five-membered non-aromatic monocyclic heterocyclic group, (provided each heterocyclic groups contain at least one nitrogen atom and may be substituted with a lower alkyl group); and R5 is a lower alkyl group, halogen atom], or pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a compound having an antagonistic action against ?-opioid receptors, which causes less side effects and thus is highly safe. A compound represented by the general formula (I), or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof: wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different, and each represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, provided that R1 and R2 are not simultaneously halogen atoms, R3 represents a C1-C3 alkyl group or a vinyl group, and R4 represents the formula (II): wherein R5 represents a hydroxy group or a C1-C3 alkoxy group, and R6 and R7 are the same or different, and each represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; or the formula (III): wherein Ring A represents a halogen atom(s)-substituted C5-C7 cycloalkyl group which is optionally substituted by a C1-C3 alkoxy group, or a halogen atom(s)-substituted 5- to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic group.

Abstract: A compound having a V2 receptor agonistic activity is provided. Providing a pharmaceutical composition which contains, as an active ingredient, a compound represented by general formula (I) described below: [R1 is formula described below: (A is a lower alkylene group which may be substituted with lower alkyl group; R6 is a hydrogen atom; R7 is a hydroxyl group, an aromatic heterocyclic group which may be substituted with lower alkyl group, carbamoyl group); R2 is a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl group; R3 is lower alkyl group which may be substituted with 1-3 fluorine atoms, or halogen atom; R4 is a five-membered aromatic monocyclic heterocyclic group, five-membered non-aromatic monocyclic heterocyclic group, (provided each heterocyclic groups contain at least one nitrogen atom and may be substituted with a lower alkyl group); and R5 is a lower alkyl group, halogen atom], or pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a compound having a glucokinase-activating effect. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by the general formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient: wherein X means a nitrogen atom or CR6, wherein R6 means a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; R1 means a hydrogen atom, a C1-C6 alkyl group, a C1-C6 alkoxy group or a C1-C6 alkylthio group; R2 means a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; R3 means a hydrogen atom or a C1-C6 alkyl group; and one of R4 and R5 means a hydrogen atom or a C1-C6 alkyl group, and the other means a C1-C6 alkylenecarboxylic acid, a C1-C6 alkylsulfonyl group, a C1-C6 alkylcarbonyl group, or CONH2.