Abstract: In the present invention, an image forming apparatus using a method of replacing a developer is configured such that an immobile area in which the heights of a discharge passage and a conveyance passage are changed on the upstream side of a returning screw is filled. This causes the immobile area of the developer to be unlikely to occur and accordingly suppresses formation of a toner stain image due to an aggregation toner, enabling stable image formation over a long period of time.

Abstract: When ending image forming, a state is realized where charging by a charging roller is stopped (charging bias off) and also applying DC voltage at a developing device is stopped (developing bias DC off). In this state, AC voltage is applied to the developing device (developing bias AC on), thereby adhering toner to the surface of a photosensitive drum and forming interposing toner. Driving of the photosensitive drum and an intermediate transfer belt is then stopped in the state with the interposing toner interposed between the photosensitive drum and intermediate transfer belt.

Abstract: A developing device includes a developing container, a developing sleeve, a magnet and grooves provided at a surface of the sleeve and formed along a direction crossing a circumferential direction of the sleeve. In a cross-section, each of the grooves is formed by a flat bottom portion contacting a carrier particle and a pair of side surface portions provided in both sides of the flat bottom portion with respect to the circumferential direction of the sleeve and satisfies the following relationship: r<w<2r, 2×r<L, and r/2?s<2r. In the above, r is a volume-average particle size of the carrier particles, w is a length of the flat bottom portion, L is a width between the side surface portions at the surface of the sleeve, and s is a depth of each of the grooves.

Abstract: A developing device includes a developing container, a developing sleeve, a magnet and grooves provided at a surface of the sleeve and formed along a direction crossing a circumferential direction of the sleeve. In a cross-section, each of the grooves is formed by a flat bottom portion contacting a carrier particle and a pair of side surface portions provided in both sides of the flat bottom portion with respect to the circumferential direction of the sleeve and satisfies the following relationship: r<w<2r, 2×r<L, and r/2?s<2r. In the above, r is a volume-average particle size of the carrier particles, w is a length of the flat bottom portion, L is a width between the side surface portions at the surface of the sleeve, and s is a depth of each of the grooves.

Abstract: Arranged are a selective reduction catalyst for reacting NOx in exhaust gas 2 with ammonia, an exhaust passage 5 for guiding the exhaust gas 2 to the selective reduction catalyst, and a urea water addition unit 4 incorporated in the exhaust passage 5 for adding urea water 3 into the exhaust gas 2. A portion of the exhaust passage 5 adjacent to an added position of the urea water 3 is constituted by a divisional piece 5a made of material having higher corrosive resistance to a substance produced by addition of the urea water 3 than that of a material constituting the remaining portion of the exhaust passage 5 other than the adjacent portion.

Abstract: In the present invention, an image forming apparatus using a method of replacing a developer is configured such that an immobile area in which the heights of a discharge passage and a conveyance passage are changed on the upstream side of a returning screw is filled. This causes the immobile area of the developer to be unlikely to occur and accordingly suppresses formation of a toner stain image due to an aggregation toner, enabling stable image formation over a long period of time.

Abstract: A developing device includes a developing container, a developing sleeve, a magnet and grooves provided at a surface of the sleeve and formed along a direction crossing a circumferential direction of the sleeve. In a cross-section, each of the grooves is formed by a flat bottom portion contacting a carrier particle and a pair of side surface portions provided in both sides of the flat bottom portion with respect to the circumferential direction of the sleeve and satisfies the following relationship: r<w<2r, 2×r<L, and r/2?s<2r. In the above, r is a volume-average particle size of the carrier particles, w is a length of the flat bottom portion, L is a width between the side surface portions at the surface of the sleeve, and s is a depth of each of the grooves.

Abstract: When ending image forming, a state is realized where charging by a charging roller is stopped (charging bias off) and also applying DC voltage at a developing device is stopped (developing bias DC off). In this state, AC voltage is applied to the developing device (developing bias AC on), thereby adhering toner to the surface of a photosensitive drum and forming interposing toner. Driving of the photosensitive drum and an intermediate transfer belt is then stopped in the state with the interposing toner interposed between the photosensitive drum and intermediate transfer belt.

Abstract: Provided is an image processing device including an image target separating unit that separates a read printed document into image targets, a page aggregation state determining unit that determines a page aggregation state of the read printed document based on a layout of the image targets separated by the image target separating unit, a printing direction determining unit that determines a printing direction of each of pages determined by the page aggregation state determining unit based on a features of each of the image targets separated by the image target separating unit, and a document format converting unit that converts a document format of the read printed document based on the results of the determination by the page aggregation state determining unit and the printing direction determining unit.

Abstract: A crash energy absorber is provided at a front portion of a carbody of a railcar and configured to crush by a load from a front side to absorb crash energy. The crash energy absorber includes: a main absorbing portion extending in a front-rear direction; and a pair of sub absorbing portions respectively provided at upper and lower sides of the main absorbing portion. Each of the pair of sub absorbing portions is formed integrally with the main absorbing portion via breakable portions each extending in the front-rear direction.

Abstract: Provided is a floor structure of a railcar in which thickness of a heat insulating material can be reduced while having predetermined heat resistance. The floor structure of the railcar includes a underframe having a pair of side sills extending in a railcar longitudinal direction and a cross beam arranged between the side sills and extending in a railcar width direction, a structural floor provided on an upper surface of the underframe, and a first heat insulating material arranged on a lower side of the structural floor via an air layer for the structural floor.

Abstract: A bodyshell structure of a railcar, includes a plurality of side window opening portions formed on a side bodyshell along a railcar longitudinal direction, and the side window opening portions include a plurality of large window opening portions arranged on a railcar-longitudinal-direction center portion of the side bodyshell and a plurality of small window opening portions arranged on both railcar-longitudinal-direction sides of the large window opening portions and each having a smaller opening area than the large window opening portion.

Abstract: An underframe structure of a railcar capable of reducing a deformation amount of a cross beam supporting an underfloor equipment upon underfloor fire. The underframe structure of the railcar includes an underframe having a pair of side sills extending in a railcar longitudinal direction and a cross beam arranged between the side sills and extending in a railcar width direction, a structural floor provided on an upper surface of the underframe, and an underfloor equipment suspended down in a center part in the railcar width direction of the cross beam. The underframe structure includes a passenger cabin floor provided on an upper side of the structural floor, the passenger cabin floor forming a lower surface of a passenger cabin S, and floor receiving members supporting the passenger cabin floor and extending in the railcar longitudinal direction between the structural floor and the passenger cabin floor.

Abstract: In an image processing apparatus, a ground color detecting unit is provided that detects ground color information indicating a ground color from input first image data. A storage unit stores a history of the ground color information detected by the ground color detecting unit, and a setting unit is also provided that sets a first threshold value that is a reference of the ground color based on a representative value of first ground color information indicating a first ground color included in the history stored in the storage unit. A ground color removing unit removes a ground color for input second image data based on the first threshold value which was set by the setting unit. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program is also provided, the program causing a processor to perform steps similar to those performed by the image forming apparatus.

Abstract: An obstacle deflector provided at a front portion of an underframe of a carbody of a railcar includes an obstacle deflecting plate configured to protect the carbody from an obstacle on a railway track when the railcar is traveling. The obstacle deflecting plate includes a main plate portion provided to receive the obstacle by a surface thereof and having a curved shape that is convex toward a front side in a traveling direction in plan view and a sub plate portion projecting toward a rear side from the main plate portion and is continuously provided along the main plate portion so as to extend from a convex, curved front end portion of the main plate portion toward a pair of left and right side portions of the main plate portion, the left and right side portions being located at the rear side in the traveling direction.

Abstract: A bodyshell of a railcar includes side outside plates, end bodyshells, and guiding plates. The side outside plate are located at both end portions of a carbody in a vehicle width direction. The end bodyshell includes an end outside plate and a corner post. The end outside plates are located at both end portions of the carbody in the longitudinal direction. The corner posts are located at four corners of the carbody. The corner post is joined to the adjacent end outside plate and the adjacent side outside plate. The guiding plate is provided at the side outside plate so as to cover the corner post from a vehicle exterior. The guiding plate includes an inclined portion and a joining portion. The inclined portion is provided in front of the corner post and inclined to the rear side toward the side outside plate.

Abstract: Provided is an image processing apparatus including a ground color detecting unit that detects ground color information indicating a ground color from input first image data, a storage control unit that causes a storage unit to store a history of the ground color information detected by the ground color detecting unit, a setting unit that sets a first threshold value that is a reference of the ground color on the basis of a representative value of first ground color information indicating a first ground color included in the history stored in the storage unit, and a ground color removing unit that performs a ground color removal process for input second image data on the basis of the first threshold value set by the setting unit.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes an extracting unit that extracts each tablespace image from each page of image data containing plural pages read by a document reading device, a generating unit that generates each table structure data of the tables from each tablespace image extracted by the extracting unit, a discrimination unit that discriminates a connection possibility between the tables based on table structure data of the tables of each page generated by the generating unit, a determination unit that determines a connection sequence for restoring an original table by connecting each of the tables based on the connection possibility between the tables discriminated by the discrimination unit, and a restoring unit that restores data on a single table before division by connecting each of the tables based on the connection sequence determined by the determination unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member; charging device for electrically charging the photosensitive member; an exposure device for exposing to light the photosensitive member to form an electrostatic latent image; a developing device for developing the electrostatic latent image into a toner image; a transfer member for forming a transfer portion at which the toner image is to be transferred from the photosensitive member onto a transfer material; a voltage control portion for controlling a transfer voltage to be applied to the transfer member so that a current passing through the transfer member is constant; and a current setting device for setting a current value in constant current control by the voltage control portion so that the current value is decreased when a ratio of a potential difference between the transfer voltage and a light portion potential provided by the exposure device to a potential difference between the transfer voltage and a dark portion potential provided by the

Abstract: A texture processing unit obtains smoothness information from a paper type specifying unit or a smoothness measuring device, and a lookup table is selected corresponding to the smoothness. An image area division unit divides off image signals of a predetermined hue area from among converted image signals. Predetermined hue area refers to a hue area in which, among multiple areas of different hues, a toner transfer failure tends to occur at concave portions that exist on a printing surface of a printing medium. The image signal processing unit applies the lookup table selected by the texture processing unit on the image signals that have been divided off, thereby increasing the toner amounts at concave portions.