Abstract: In judging loosening of a crew, a measuring section measures a position of a bit as a relative position in relation to a placement surface of a screw supplying device when the screw is acquired from the screw supplying device. The measuring section also measures the position of the bit as a relative position in relation to a workpiece surface when fastening of the screw onto a workpiece has been completed. A judging section judges that screw loosening has not occurred when, based on the first and second bit positions, a difference between the first and second bit positions falls within an allowable range. The judging section judges that screw loosening has occurred when the difference does not fall within the allowable range.

Abstract: In judging loosening of a crew, a measuring section measures a position of a bit as a relative position in relation to a placement surface of a screw supplying device when the screw is acquired from the screw supplying device. The measuring section also measures the position of the bit as a relative position in relation to a workpiece surface when fastening of the screw onto a workpiece has been completed. A judging section judges that screw loosening has not occurred when, based on the first and second bit positions, a difference between the first and second bit positions falls within an allowable range. The judging section judges that screw loosening has occurred when the difference does not fall within the allowable range.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery is resistant to the reflow temperature during reflow soldering. The non-aqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery has a positive electrode having an active material comprised of an oxide of molybdenum, a negative electrode comprised of lithium and SiO, an electrolytic solution comprised of a material containing a supporting salt and resistant to the reflow temperature during reflow soldering of the non-aqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery, and a gasket comprised of a compound selected from the group consisting of LCP, PEEK, PEN, and tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer resin.

Abstract: An electrical double layer capacitor has an electrolyte included of a non-aqueous solvent and a supporting salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent. A pair of polarizing electrodes are disposed in confronting relation with one another. A separator is disposed between the polarizing electrodes. The supporting salt contained in the electrolyte exists only in regions proximate a surface of the polarizing electrodes when the electrical double layer capacitor is fully charged. When the electrical double layer capacitor is charged at 3.3 V for 24 hours, a charged current after 24 hours is in the range of from about 5 &mgr;A/cm2 to about 22 &mgr;A/cm2 per unit area of the polarizing electrodes.

Abstract: An electrical double layer capacitor which causes no liquid leakage and capacity decrease due to the side reactions of the electrolyte and has a very low leak current. It holds an electrolyte which contains the supporting salt in such an amount that the ionized supporting salt in the electrolyte mostly migrates close to the surface of the electrode in the fully charged state, so that the electrolyte becomes almost an insulator when the electrical double layer has been formed by full charging. In addition, the positive electrode has a smaller capacity than the negative electrode, so that the capacitor has a high withstanding voltage.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery capable of withstanding a reflow temperature has a positive electrode having a conductive material, a binder, and an electrode active material selected from the group consisting of LiCoO2, LiNiO2 and LiMn2O4. A negative electrode has a conductive material, a binder and an electrode active material selected from the group consisting of a titanium oxide having an anatase structure, lithium titanate having a spinel structure and a molybdenum oxide. An electrolyte has a supporting salt and a non-aqueous solvent having a boiling point greater than 200° C. A gasket is comprised of a material having a heat deformation temperature greater than 230° C. A separator is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and is comprised of a material having a heat deformation temperature greater than 230° C. At least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode comprises an electrode heat-treated to a temperature of 250° C.

Abstract: An electrical double layer capacitor has an electrolyte comprised of a non-aqueous solvent and a supporting salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent. A pair of polarizing electrodes are disposed in confronting relation with one another. A separator is disposed between the polarizing electrodes. The supporting salt contained in the electrolyte exists only in regions proximate a surface of the polarizing electrodes when the electrical double layer capacitor is fully charged. The non-aqueous solvent contains a preselected amount of dissolved supporting salt calculated from a surface area of the polarizing electrodes and a size of a molecule of the supporting salt in an ionized state.

Abstract: A coin-shaped non-aqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery resistant to reflow temperature is provided, said non-aqueous rechargeable battery utilizes a molybdenum oxide, particularly MoO3, for the positive electrode active material, and heat resistant materials for the electrolytic solution, separators, and gaskets.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte electrochemical cell comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a non-aqueous electrolyte, a positive electrode case and a negative electrode case. The positive electrode case comprises a high-grade corrosion resistibility stainless steel having a pitting index between 30.5 and 45, the pitting index being calculated by the formula Cr %+3.times.Mo %+16.times.N %. An enhanced pressure sealed electrochemical cell can be manufactured in which the production cost of the positive electrode case is reduced and the productivity of the electrochemical cell improved by suppression of anodic oxidation of the positive electrode case.

Abstract: A secondary battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte is improved in discharge performance by forming the positive electrode from a composite electrode material including a conductive organic polymer and a dischargeable metal oxide and/or metal chalcogenide.

Abstract: An electric cell comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte maintains excellent performance when the positive electrode is an electro-conductive polymer composite including a mesh stainless steel having a wire diameter of about 35-120 .mu.m and an electro-conductive polymer, typically polyaniline, integrally deposited onto the mesh by electrolytic polymerization. A container having the elements received therein is provided with a vent mechanism.

Abstract: An electric cell comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte containing a lithium salt is provided wherein the negative electrode has a two-layer structure of a lithium-aluminum alloy layer and an aluminum layer. The cell is fabricated by placing a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte in a cell container comprising positive and negative electrode casings, and forming a seal between the positive and negative electrode casings. The negative electrode is electrochemically formed in situ in the cell container from a lithium-clad aluminum substrate.

Abstract: In an electrochemical cell comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte, a film of electroconductive polymeric material having a conductor embedded therein at approximately the mid point of the film is used as an electrode active material and a collector associated therewith.

Abstract: A flat cell is sealed along the confronting peripheral inner surfaces of positive and negative terminal plates. A pair of sealing films are disposed on the respective peripheral inner surfaces. Each sealing film is comprised of a first thermoplastic layer composed of maleic acid modified polyethylene thermally secured to the peripheral inner surface, a second intermediate thermoplastic layer composed of high-density polyethylene and a third thermoplastic layer composed of maleic acid modified polyethylene so that the confronting third layers of the pair of sealing films are thermally secured to each other to seal the flat cell.

Abstract: In order to avoid a distinct two step plateau in the discharge voltage of a divalent silver oxide cell, the positive depolarizing mixture pellet in the positive cap serving as the cathode terminal of the cell is covered with a silver or mono-silver oxide layer. The layer is, for example, formed of foamed silver which is partially compressed during assembly of the cell. Monovalent silver oxide powder may be applied to and penetrate in the foamed silver. Alternatively, the surface of the foamed silver may be oxidized to form a mono-silver oxide layer thereon.

Abstract: A silver peroxide cell comprises in combination: a cathode member which is composed of a powder of silver peroxide as active material, an alkali resistant metal mesh member coated with at least one metal which deoxidizes the powder of peroxide in the electrolyte and constitutes a local cell, at least a part of said alkali resistant metal mesh member is embedded into a part or all of the surface of said cathode member, whereby a long life and a flat single discharge voltage is easily obtained.

Abstract: The method of improved treatment relating to the surface of the electrolyte for a solid electrolyte cell of Na.sup.+ ion conduction type is disclosed. Conductive paint containing unoxidized metal powder such as silver, gold or mixtures thereof is coated on the surface of said solid electrolyte and sintered in the range 700.degree.-900.degree.C so that faradaic impedance at the electrode-electrolyte interface is lowered. After sintering, the solid electrolyte is treated with fused sodium nitrate salt to prevent characteristic changes during extended storage.