Abstract: The gasification of solid carbonaceous materials such as coal is achieved by directing a stream containing the carbonaceous materials onto a high temperature hot spot which has been formed on the surface of a bath of molten iron by oxygen jets blown thereagainst, the stream containing the carbonaceous materials emanating from a non-submerged, top-blowing lance, the oxygen jets emanating from the same lance or from different lances, and the bath of molten iron being contained in a reactor such that its total volume remains essentially constant.

Abstract: The gasification of solid carbonaceous materials such as coal is achieved by directing a stream containing the carbonaceous materials onto a high temperature hot spot which has been formed on the surface of a bath of molten iron by oxygen jets blown thereagainst, the stream containing the carbonaceous materials emanating from a non-submerged, top-blowing lance, the oxygen jets emanating from the same lance or from different lances, and the bath of molten iron being contained in a reactor such that its total volume remains essentially constant.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing granules from slags produced in metallurgical furnaces such as blast furnaces, converter furnaces, electric furnaces, reverberatory furnaces comprising means for accelerating a stream of molten slag from a container to a velocity of at least two meters per second, and directing the stream onto a target surface from which it rebounds in the form of an inverted cone of droplets which are projected through the air to cool and to solidify them into granules.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing granules from slags produced in metallurgical furnaces such as blast furnaces, converter furnaces, electric furnaces and reverberatory furnaces. A molten slag stream from a container at a velocity of at least two meters per second is impinged upon a non-wetting target surface, from which the stream rebounds in a film of projected droplets having the shape of an inverted cone. Cooling and solidifying the droplets by their projected flight in air forms solid granules.