Abstract: A quality control method for the preparation of dry compressed gas cylinder including passivating and/or preparing the compressed gas cylinder with the technique to be validated, filling the passivated/prepared compressed gas cylinder with gaseous carbon dioxide to a normal working pressure, wherein the gaseous carbon dioxide has a known ?18O isotope ratio, maintaining the pressurized gas cylinder at ambient temperature for a first predetermined period of time, and gradually emptying the pressurized gas cylinder, while simultaneously measuring the ?18O isotopic ratio, wherein a predetermined variation in the measured isotopic ratio of ?18O indicates a properly prepared cylinder.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a manufactured composition, material or device comprising at least two different nonradioactive isotope atoms. Each nonradioactive isotope atom is present in an amount sufficient to increase the total amount of the nonradioactive isotope atom above the total amount found in the manufactured composition, material or device in the absence of adding the nonradioactive isotope atom to increase said total amount. The ratio(s) of the at least two nonradioactive isotopes in the manufactured composition, material or device are measurably different than the ratio(s) found in the manufactured composition, material or device in the absence of adding the nonradioactive isotope atom to increase said total amount.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a manufactured composition, material or device comprising at least two different nonradioactive isotope atoms. Each nonradioactive isotope atom is present in an amount sufficient to increase the total amount of the nonradioactive isotope atom above the total amount found in the manufactured composition, material or device in the absence of adding the nonradioactive isotope atom to increase said total amount. The ratio(s) of the at least two nonradioactive isotopes in the manufactured composition, material or device are measurably different than the ratio(s) found in the manufactured composition, material or device in the absence of adding the nonradioactive isotope atom to increase said total amount.

Abstract: A quality control method for the preparation of dry compressed gas cylinder including passivating and/or preparing the compressed gas cylinder with the technique to be validated, filling the passivated/prepared compressed gas cylinder with gaseous carbon dioxide to a normal working pressure, wherein the gaseous carbon dioxide has a known ?18O isotope ratio, maintaining the pressurized gas cylinder at ambient temperature for a first predetermined period of time, and gradually emptying the pressurized gas cylinder, while simultaneously measuring the ?18O isotopic ratio, wherein a predetermined variation in the measured isotopic ratio of ?18O indicates a properly prepared cylinder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing and delivering a gas mixture having a selected composition of a first gas and at least one second gas, comprising the following steps: (a) providing a main gas flow comprising the first gas in a main conduit, (b) separating the main gas flow into a first plurality of secondary gas flows, (c) guiding each secondary gas flow through a secondary conduit, (d) adding at least one second gas to at least one of the first plurality of secondary gas flows in the respective secondary conduit through a delivering conduit, said delivering conduit protruding into the secondary conduit, and (e) combining the first plurality of secondary gas flows to the gas mixture. With the technical teaching of the present invention a dynamic gas bottle filling is possible wherein the second gas components may have a concentration form some ppb to percent.

Abstract: A method of gas cylinder interior cleanliness validation, including placing a volume of liquid on an interior surface of a component of a gas cylinder, measuring a contact angle of the liquid on the interior surface, and estimating from the contact angle the cleanliness of the interior surface with respect to at least one contaminant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing and delivering a gas mixture having a selected composition of a first gas and at least one second gas, comprising the following steps: (a) providing a main gas flow comprising the first gas in a main conduit, (b) separating the main gas flow into a first plurality of secondary gas flows, (c) guiding each secondary gas flow through a secondary conduit, (d) adding at least one second gas to at least one of the first plurality of secondary gas flows in the respective secondary conduit through a delivering conduit, said delivering conduit protruding into the secondary conduit, and (e) combining the first plurality of secondary gas flows to the gas mixture. With the technical teaching of the present invention a dynamic gas bottle filling is possible wherein the second gas components may have a concentration form some ppb to percent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing and delivering a gas mixture having a selected composition of a first gas and at least one second gas, comprising the following steps: (a) providing a main gas flow comprising the first gas in a main conduit, (b) separating the main gas flow into a first plurality of secondary gas flows, (c) guiding each secondary gas flow through a secondary conduit, (d) adding at least one second gas to at least one of the first plurality of secondary gas flows in the respective secondary conduit through a delivering conduit, said delivering conduit protruding into the secondary conduit, and (e) combining the first plurality of secondary gas flows to the gas mixture. With the technical teaching of the present invention a dynamic gas bottle filling is possible wherein the second gas components may have a concentration form some ppb to percent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing and delivering a gas mixture having a selected composition of a first gas and at least one second gas, comprising the following steps: (a) providing a main gas flow comprising the first gas in a main conduit, (b) separating the main gas flow into a first plurality of secondary gas flows, (c) guiding each secondary gas flow through a secondary conduit, (d) adding at least one second gas to at least one of the first plurality of secondary gas flows in the respective secondary conduit through a delivering conduit, said delivering conduit protruding into the secondary conduit, and (e) combining the first plurality of secondary gas flows to the gas mixture. With the technical teaching of the present invention a dynamic gas bottle filling is possible wherein the second gas components may have a concentration form some ppb to percent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method for removing trace levels of krypton and xenon from argon by using metal organic framework (MOF) adsorbents.

Abstract: A purification process has been developed that allows the removal of several different impurities from unsaturated hydrocarbons. The purification process uses various adsorbents and metal oxides or getters to accomplish the purification. The process is capable of removing the following impurities: SO2, H2O, O2, CO2 and CO.

Abstract: Articles of manufacture and methods of making and using same concern a container having an internal space and a passivated internal metal surface. The container contains a composition of an acid gas and a balance gas contained within the internal space and in contact with the passivated internal metal surface. The stability of the acid gas concentration over time is enhanced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method for removing trace levels of krypton and xenon from argon by using metal organic framework (MOF) adsorbents.

Abstract: Articles of manufacture and methods of making and using same concern a container having an internal space and a passivated internal metal surface. The container contains a composition of an acid gas and a balance gas contained within the internal space and in contact with the passivated internal metal surface. The stability of the acid gas concentration over time is enhanced.

Abstract: Methods of passivating a metal surface are described, the methods comprising the steps of exposing the metal surface to a silicon-containing passivation material, evacuating the metal surface, exposing the treated surface to a gas composition, having a concentration of reactive gas that is greater than an intended reactive gas concentration of gas to be transported by the metal surface, evacuating the metal surface to remove substantially all of the gas composition to enable maintenance of an increased shelf-life, low concentration reactive gas at an intended concentration, and exposing the metal surface to the reactive gas at the intended reactive gas concentration. Manufactured products, high stability fluids, and methods of making same are also described.

Abstract: Articles of manufacture and methods of making and using same concern a container having an internal space and a passivated internal metal surface. The container contains a composition of an acid gas and a balance gas contained within the internal space and in contact with the passivated internal metal surface. The stability of the acid gas concentration over time is enhanced.

Abstract: Methods of passivating a metal surface are described, the methods comprising the steps of exposing the metal surface to a silicon-containing passivation material, evacuating the metal surface, exposing the treated surface to a gas composition, having a concentration of reactive gas that is greater than an intended reactive gas concentration of gas to be transported by the metal surface, evacuating the metal surface to remove substantially all of the gas composition to enable maintenance of an increased shelf-life, low concentration reactive gas at an intended concentration, and exposing the metal surface to the reactive gas at the intended reactive gas concentration. Manufactured products, high stability fluids, and methods of making same are also described.

Abstract: Methods of passivating a metal surface are described, the methods comprising the steps of i) exposing the metal surface to a silicon-containing passivation material; ii) evacuating the metal surface; iii) exposing the treated surface to a gas composition having a concentration of reactive gas that is greater than an intended reactive gas concentration of gas to be transported by the metal surface; iv) evacuating the metal surface to remove substantially all of the gas composition to enable maintenance of an increased shelf-life, low concentration reactive gas at an intended concentration; and v) exposing the metal surface to the reactive gas at the intended reactive gas concentration. Manufactured products, high stability fluids, and methods of making same are also described.

Abstract: Articles of manufacture and methods of making and using same concern a container having an internal space and a passivated internal metal surface. The container contains a composition of an acid gas and a balance gas contained within the internal space and in contact with the passivated internal metal surface. The stability of the acid gas concentration over time is enhanced.

Abstract: Methods of passivating a metal surface are described, the methods comprising the steps of exposing the metal surface to a silicon-containing passivation material, evacuating the metal surface, exposing the treated surface to a gas composition, having a concentration of reactive gas that is greater than an intended reactive gas concentration of gas to be transported by the metal surface, evacuating the metal surface to remove substantially all of the gas composition to enable maintenance of an increased shelf-life, low concentration reactive gas at an intended concentration, and exposing the metal surface to the reactive gas at the intended reactive gas concentration. Manufactured products, high stability fluids, and methods of making same are also described.