Abstract: A system for converting a biomass into a biofuel including a biomass processing station arranged to receive the biomass from a biomass harvester, output the biomass to a hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) converter, and receive a processed biomass from the HTL converter. The system includes a conduit arranged to transport the biomass from the biomass processing station to the HTL converter and transport the processed biomass from the HTL converter to the biomass processing station. The HTL converter includes a heat exchanger arranged to transfer thermal energy from a geothermal heat source to the biomass to convert the biomass into the processed biomass. The system also includes a controller arranged to monitor conditions of the biomass at locations along the conduit and adjust operations of components along the conduit to, thereby, adjust the conditions of the biomass at one or more locations along the conduit.

Abstract: A pump assembly can pump fluid with a single moving part. The pump includes a casing with an inlet and an outlet. The pump includes an impeller to rotate inside the casing to create low pressure at the inlet and increase pressure to expel fluid from the output. The impeller is physically connected to a rotor within the pump casing. The rotor includes permanent magnets arranged radially around a surface of the rotor opposite the physical connection to the impeller. A variation replaces the magnets with a switched reluctance path. The pump includes a stator assembly within the casing, magnetically coupled to the rotor, the stator assembly having electrically controllable conductors to drive the rotor with axial flux. The stator assembly includes stacks of multiple layers of coated conductor having multiple spokes as the stator core.

Abstract: A system for converting a biomass into a biofuel including a biomass processing station arranged to receive the biomass from a biomass harvester, output the biomass to a hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) converter, and receive a processed biomass from the HTL converter. The system includes a conduit arranged to transport the biomass from the biomass processing station to the HTL converter and transport the processed biomass from the HTL converter to the biomass processing station. The HTL converter includes a heat exchanger arranged to transfer thermal energy from a geothermal heat source to the biomass to convert the biomass into the processed biomass. The system also includes a controller arranged to monitor conditions of the biomass at locations along the conduit and adjust operations of components along the conduit to, thereby, adjust the conditions of the biomass at one or more locations along the conduit.

Abstract: A system for converting a biomass into a biofuel including a biomass processing station arranged to receive the biomass from a biomass harvester, output the biomass to a hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) converter, and receive a processed biomass from the HTL converter. The system includes a conduit arranged to transport the biomass from the biomass processing station to the HTL converter and transport the processed biomass from the HTL converter to the biomass processing station. The HTL converter includes a heat exchanger arranged to transfer thermal energy from a geothermal heat source to the biomass to convert the biomass into the processed biomass. The system also includes a controller arranged to monitor conditions of the biomass at locations along the conduit and adjust operations of components along the conduit to, thereby, adjust the conditions of the biomass at one or more locations along the conduit.

Abstract: A pump assembly can pump fluid with a single moving part, where the single moving part is free floating, inline within a sealed fluid path. The pump includes a stator core having a cylindrical shape with an opening through it. The stator includes electromagnetic coils arranged around a lateral surface of the stator core extending away from the center of the stator core. The pump assembly includes an impeller to spin within the cylindrical opening of the stator in response to selective charging of the electromagnetic coils. The impeller includes a cylindrical body having blades that align with the electromagnetic coils to create a magnetic flux path between selected coils through the impeller in response to selective charging of the electromagnetic coils.

Abstract: A pump assembly can pump fluid with a single moving part. The pump includes a casing with an inlet and an outlet. The pump includes an impeller to rotate inside the casing to create low pressure at the inlet and increase pressure to expel fluid from the output. The impeller is physically connected to a rotor within the pump casing. The rotor includes permanent magnets arranged radially around a surface of the rotor opposite the physical connection to the impeller. A variation replaces the magnets with a switched reluctance path. The pump includes a stator assembly within the casing, magnetically coupled to the rotor, the stator assembly having electrically controllable conductors to drive the rotor with axial flux. The stator assembly includes stacks of multiple layers of coated conductor having multiple spokes as the stator core.

Abstract: A pump assembly can pump fluid with a single moving part. The pump includes a casing with an inlet and an outlet. The pump includes an impeller to rotate inside the casing to create low pressure at the inlet and increase pressure to expel fluid from the output. The impeller is physically connected to a rotor within the pump casing. The rotor includes permanent magnets arranged radially around a surface of the rotor opposite the physical connection to the impeller. A variation replaces the magnets with a switched reluctance path. The pump includes a stator assembly within the casing, magnetically coupled to the rotor, the stator assembly having electrically controllable conductors to drive the rotor with axial flux.

Abstract: A stator includes a hybrid coated conductor. The hybrid coated conductor includes a metal core with a generally rectangular cross-section, a ceramic coating, and a non-ceramic insulator. The ceramic coating is chemically bonded to the metal. The non-ceramic insulator includes non-conductive beads embedded in the non-ceramic insulator coating. The ceramic coating provides good electrical isolation between wrappings, while the non-ceramic coating provides a flexible cover. The beads provide an additional protection to prevent shorting when the stator heats up sufficient to soften the non-ceramic coating.

Abstract: A stator includes layers of coated conductor. The coating is insulative and provides electrical isolation of adjacent conductor layers. The multiple layers of coated conductor form a stator core, and the stator includes magnet assemblies that sandwich the stator core. The conductor layers stack in a direction orthogonal to a plane of the magnet assemblies. The conductor layers have a rectangular cross section.

Abstract: A stator includes layers of coated conductor. The coating is insulative and provides electrical isolation of adjacent conductor layers. The multiple layers of coated conductor form a stator core, and the stator includes magnet assemblies that sandwich the stator core. The conductor layers stack in a direction orthogonal to a plane of the magnet assemblies. The conductor layers have a rectangular cross section.