Abstract: For lifting and grasping a starting portion of a film located in a coil, the method includes driving a coil by a friction wheel abutting against an outer surface of the coil with an end edge of a starting portion of the coil located arbitrarily on the outer surface, placing a separating wedge under a prestress on the outer surface of the coil and lifting the starting portion of the film from the coil by an edge of the separating wedge, and first turning the coil against a latter uncoiling direction, and after a recognition of a position of the end edge of the starting portion of the film turning the coil in the uncoiling direction.

Abstract: A method of reenlargement of microfilm originals stored in form of microimages includes providing a plurality of microimages on a carrier, selecting microimages from the plurality of microimages for reenlargement on a receiving medium, positioning a selected microimage in an image window suitable for the reenlargement, transferring the microimage on the receiving medium by an objective focused on the image window, during the transfer of the microimage on the carrier positioning a second microimage located on another carrier in a second image window and after the transfer of the first mentioned microimage, transferring the second microimage on the receiving medium.

Abstract: A uniform illumination of the projection surface is obtained by measuring light intensity of a projection surface and adjusting a distance between a light source and an optical element in response to the measured light intensity to optimize brightness and/or distribution.

Abstract: A projection copying apparatus for reproducing microfilmed originals on a light-tightly disposable projection screen and for producing copies of microfilmed originals comprises means for copying of dot originals operating for complete or sectional copying of the originals, and a projection screen including a diffusing disc, an LCD dics arranged on the diffusing disc, the LCD disc being switchable between two conditions so that in one of the conditions it is transparent for observation of the originals and in the other of the conditions it is opaque for copying or searching.

Abstract: A microfilm pickup camera comprises a device for continually horizontally transporting originals to be projected in the camera through the camera, and an ink printing head for marking originals before they enter an exposure station provided in the camera. The ink printing head is provided with a drive which pivots, rotates and displaces the ink printing head between a use position, a cleaning position and a non-operative position. The printing head is EDV-controlled.

Abstract: A continuous microfilm camera transporting original sheets to a picture-taking area. Two parallel opposite guide plates within the picture-taking area from a transit slit of variable width for the original sheets. At least one of the plates is movable relative to the other plate and at least one of the plates is transparent. A magnetic attracting strip is attached to at least one of the plates and provides an attractive force bringing the plates together for straightening the original sheet.

Abstract: An apparatus for notching an edge of a strip of photographic film has an arrangement for advancing the strip in a path. Laterally adjacent the path is located a wheel which rotates intermittently or continuously and which is provided with one (or several circumferentially spaced) punching die(s) provided adjacent the periphery of the wheel. A counter-punch is provided with which the die(s) cooperate(s) so as to notch a longitudinal edge of the strip when the wheel rotates.

Abstract: An apparatus for marking a longitudinal edge of a travelling web has a marking (e.g. notching) station, upstream but adjacent to which is located an abutment. Upstream of the abutment is located aguide arrangement which urges the web transversely of the direction of web travel at an angle skew to the longitudinal centerline of the web, so as to exert on the web a force acting skew to the centerline in the forward direction of web travel and towards the edge to be marked. This urges the edge in part against the abutment to assure that the web travels in predetermined orientation through the marking station.