Abstract: A custom platform is developed that is capable of culturing endothelial cells three-dimensionally while inducing physiological stimuli on the cells. A model includes serum-free conditions, allowing more quantifiable angiogenesis studies that investigate the dose dependent effects of various growth factors. Angiogenesis plays a critical role during development, wound healing, and disease; therefore, further investigation of the pathway has broad implications. Also, the development of in vitro vascularized tissue models via angiogenesis provides the ability to investigate endothelial responses after exposure to nanoparticles and mechanisms of drug delivery.

Abstract: A rechargeable energy storage system includes a plurality of battery cells and a wall structure disposed adjacent to the plurality of battery cells and having an inner layer and an outer layer. An interior reinforcement structure includes a first sheet metal member and a second sheet metal member each having a plurality of vertical sections and a plurality of horizontal sections. The first and second sheet metal members define an aligned load transfer section wherein one of the plurality of horizontal sections of the first sheet metal member is vertically aligned with one of the plurality of horizontal sections of the second sheet metal member. The first and second sheet metal members define a crush region wherein one of the plurality of horizontal sections of the first sheet metal member is vertically misaligned with all of the plurality of horizontal sections of the second sheet metal member.

Abstract: An anaerobic bioreactor with electrolytic regeneration system, method and apparatus for monitoring pH levels which is simultaneously efficient in both anaerobic digestion and optimized filtration process is disclosed. To maintain the pH stability of an anaerobic bioreactor, an electrolysis process is integrated with the bioreactor. The integration of an electrolysis process with the bioreactor sustains the pH in the optimized range for anaerobic process while enhancing the removal of contaminants in the bioreactor, augmenting biogas production, and mitigating fouling.

Abstract: A rechargeable energy storage system includes a plurality of battery cells and a wall structure disposed adjacent to the plurality of battery cells and having an inner layer and an outer layer. An interior reinforcement structure includes a first sheet metal member and a second sheet metal member each having a plurality of vertical sections and a plurality of horizontal sections. The first and second sheet metal members define an aligned load transfer section wherein one of the plurality of horizontal sections of the first sheet metal member is vertically aligned with one of the plurality of horizontal sections of the second sheet metal member. The first and second sheet metal members define a crush region wherein one of the plurality of horizontal sections of the first sheet metal member is vertically misaligned with all of the plurality of horizontal sections of the second sheet metal member.

Abstract: A barrier assembly for an energy storage system includes a panel and an energy storage pack. The panel includes an outer surface and an inner surface opposing the outer surface. The energy storage pack is spaced from the panel relative to the inner surface of the panel. The barrier assembly further includes an intermediate structure disposed between the inner surface of the panel and the energy storage pack. The intermediate structure is configured to absorb energy when a load is applied to the outer surface of the panel and configured to redistribute the load along a plurality of load paths through the intermediate structure as the load is applied to the panel. A vehicle includes the barrier assembly discussed above. The vehicle includes a support structure and the barrier assembly is coupled to the support structure. The inner surface of the panel faces toward the support structure.

Abstract: A structural arrangement for a vehicle includes a body structure defining a longitudinal vehicle body axis and a lateral vehicle axis orthogonal to the longitudinal vehicle body axis. The body structure includes a lattice shear structure having a first structural member extending laterally from one side to an opposite side of the vehicle and a second structural member parallel to and longitudinally spaced apart from the first structural member, an upper shear panel extending longitudinally and laterally across the vehicle and joined to the lattice shear structure, and a seat attachment structure having a first end and a second end opposite the second end. The seat attachment structure is oriented longitudinally and is joined to both of the first and second structural members.

Abstract: A barrier assembly for an energy storage system includes a panel and an energy storage pack. The panel includes an outer surface and an inner surface opposing the outer surface. The energy storage pack is spaced from the panel relative to the inner surface of the panel. The barrier assembly further includes an intermediate structure disposed between the inner surface of the panel and the energy storage pack. The intermediate structure is configured to absorb energy when a load is applied to the outer surface of the panel and configured to redistribute the load along a plurality of load paths through the intermediate structure as the load is applied to the panel. A vehicle includes the barrier assembly discussed above. The vehicle includes a support structure and the barrier assembly is coupled to the support structure. The inner surface of the panel faces toward the support structure.

Abstract: A structural arrangement for a vehicle includes a body structure defining a longitudinal vehicle body axis and a lateral vehicle axis orthogonal to the longitudinal vehicle body axis. The body structure includes a lattice shear structure having a first structural member extending laterally from one side to an opposite side of the vehicle and a second structural member parallel to and longitudinally spaced apart from the first structural member, an upper shear panel extending longitudinally and laterally across the vehicle and joined to the lattice shear structure, and a seat attachment structure having a first end and a second end opposite the second end. The seat attachment structure is oriented longitudinally and is joined to both of the first and second structural members.

Abstract: An attachment for connecting a chassis structure to a hollow beam of a body structure includes a tube nut, a bulkhead, and a bolt. The bulkhead has a cavity surface configured to conform to a cylindrical outer surface of the tube nut. The bulkhead is disposed within the hollow beam and is attached to at least two walls of the hollow beam and to the tube nut. A first portion of the cylindrical outer surface of the tube nut is disposed in close proximity to the cavity surface of the bulkhead. A bottom surface of the tube nut contacts an inner surface of a bottom wall of the hollow beam. The bolt extends from the chassis structure, through a hole formed in the bottom wall of the hollow beam, and into the tube nut to connect the chassis structure to the body structure. The attachment may include a second bulkhead.

Abstract: An attachment for connecting a chassis structure to a hollow beam of a body structure includes a tube nut, a bulkhead, and a bolt. The bulkhead has a cavity surface configured to conform to a cylindrical outer surface of the tube nut. The bulkhead is disposed within the hollow beam and is attached to at least two walls of the hollow beam and to the tube nut. A first portion of the cylindrical outer surface of the tube nut is disposed in close proximity to the cavity surface of the bulkhead. A bottom surface of the tube nut contacts an inner surface of a bottom wall of the hollow beam. The bolt extends from the chassis structure, through a hole formed in the bottom wall of the hollow beam, and into the tube nut to connect the chassis structure to the body structure. The attachment may include a second bulkhead.