Abstract: A system and method for generating a water-soluble mixture of oligosaccharides for facile conversion to fermentable sugars is provided. The method describes crushing, grinding, or both, a mixture of a cellulose feedstock and a solid acid catalyst, under pressure to induce a solid-solid interaction between the cellulosic feedstock and the solid acid catalyst to induce a chemical reaction to produce a grinded mixture, wherein the crusher assembly comprises rollers, introducing water to separate the grinded mixture into solids and a solution, wherein the solution comprises the oligosaccharides and enzymatically converting the solution to fermentable sugars.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved hydrogel materials using water gellants that are comprised of polymer backbones P to which hydrogen bonding 4H-units are covalently attached via a hydrophobic linker L. Optionally, the hydrogel contains additional ingredients or additives. These new reversible hydrogels can easily be fine-tuned in their mechanical performance and function and are especially suitable for biomedical applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved hydrogel materials using water gellants that are comprised of polymer backbones P to which hydrogen bonding 4H-units are covalently attached via a hydrophobic linker L. Optionally, the hydrogel contains additional ingredients or additives. These new reversible hydrogels can easily be fine-tuned in their mechanical performance and function and are especially suitable for biomedical applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved hydrogel materials using water gellants that are comprised of polymer backbones P to which hydrogen bonding 4H-units are covalently attached via a hydrophobic linker L. Optionally, the hydrogel contains additional ingredients or additives. These new reversible hydrogels can easily be fine-tuned in their mechanical performance and function and are especially suitable for biomedical applications.