Abstract: The invention relates a method for providing reconnection to a ferrule to a service line from within the bore of a lined host pipe adapted to carry a fluid, comprising lining the host pipe with a liner, locating the ferrule from within the lined host pipe, forming a passage for fluid through the liner to the ferrule, and forming a seal of the liner with the system whereby to obviate leakage of fluid between the liner and host pipe.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liner comprising a flexible material (1) with means adapted to increase the surface area thereof, and adhesive/sealant (2) and a release tape (3) with reinforcing strips (4). An example of a means of adapting the surface, whereby strips of adhesive/sealant (5) are applied to the release tape and then the flexible material (1) applied and compacted to form the profile. The liner is then formed into a tube. It may be folded into a cruciform shape. An end elevational view of a folded liner in a pipe (6) prior to application of the pipe.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus for transporting loosened soil from a hole, trench or excavation, comprising a probe device and internal nozzles which are spaced from a distal end of the probe device and are directed towards the longitudinal axis of that probe device. Air pulsed through the nozzles lifts the soil along the tube to a discharge chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dresser for dressing particulate material, such as sand, in a slow sand filter of a water treatment works. The dresser includes a frame having transverse mixing members which are adapted to mix the material at or adjacent the surface of the particulate material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compactor apparatus for compacting granular material, such as granulated activated carbon, when it is laid in a slow sand filter, comprising a plough, a compacting device and a mechanism to provide swivelling of the apparatus in a substantially horizontal plane whereby to compact the material. In the preferred embodiments illustrated, the apparatus is removably mounted on an end of an extensible arm of a tracked vehicle such as a dumper, excavator or digger.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus for monitoring the depth of a layer of a filter media such as sand in a filter such as a slow sand filter, comprising a leveller, in the embodiment a box leveller with a trailing smoothing device, wheel or roller, adapted to level the surface of the layer of sand and a laser device mounted on a mount which is movable substantially vertically and has a calibration means in the form of a visual calibration scale whereby to determine depth of filter media.