Abstract: Methods of making cathodes for lithium-sulfur batteries are disclosed, in addition to cathodes and batteries containing the cathodes. A method of making a cathode is disclosed which includes extracting lignosulfonate from brown liquor, pyrolyzing the lignosulfonate, carbonizing the pyrolyzed lignosulfonate to form a carbon-sulfur compound, and forming the carbon-sulfur compound into a cathode. A cathode for a lithium-sulfur battery is disclosed which includes pyrolized lignosulfonate recovered from brown liquor, and carbon. The pyrolized lignosulfonate and carbon are suspended in a matrix having a substantially homogenous distribution of sulfur. A battery is disclosed in which an anode including an electrolye, lithium, is provided along with a membrane separate and a carbon comprising a carbon-sulfur compound derived from lignosulfonates.

Abstract: Methods of making cathodes for lithium-sulfur batteries are disclosed, in addition to cathodes and batteries containing the cathodes. A method of making a cathode is disclosed which includes extracting lignosulfonate from brown liquor, pyrolyzing the lignosulfonate, carbonizing the pyrolyzed lignosulfonate to form a carbon-sulfur compound, and forming the carbon-sulfur compound into a cathode. A cathode for a lithium-sulfur battery is disclosed which includes pyrolized lignosulfonate recovered from brown liquor, and carbon. The pyrolized lignosulfonate and carbon are suspended in a matrix having a substantially homogenous distribution of sulfur. A battery is disclosed in which an anode including an electrolye, lithium, is provided along with a membrane separate and a carbon comprising a carbon-sulfur compound derived from lignosulfonates.

Abstract: An energy storing and dispensing sheeting having addressable energy storing cells is disclosed. A free-forming process of fabricating energy storing sheets is disclosed. An interconnect interface for operatively coupling the energy storing sheeting to an external element is disclosed. A flexible printed circuit board with patterned energy storing layers is disclosed. An adhesive, flexible energy storing sheeting is disclosed. Energy storing sheet that can be mechanically tuned and patterned as a structural building material is disclosed. A networked grid storage embodiment of a structural energy storing sheeting is disclosed. An energy storing sheeting powering computer memory and integrated circuits is disclosed. A puncture tolerant energy storage device is disclosed. An ultracapacitor having a separator, symmetric or asymmetric electrodes, electrolyte and a current collector is disclosed. A battery, supercapacitor and hybrid device is disclosed.