Abstract: A photovoltaic device includes a transparent, electrically conductive top electrode which functions as an anti-reflective layer. The thickness of this layer is selected to establish a three-quarter &lgr; anti-reflective condition. Use of this layer allows for the manufacture of a gridless photovoltaic device having an enhanced overall efficiency.

Abstract: Lightweight semiconductor devices are fabricated upon a relatively thin substrate member by a process wherein the substrate is first bonded to a relatively thick support member. The semiconductor device is then formed on the bonded substrate, and the substrate is subsequently removed from the support member by utilizing a beam of radiant energy to skive the substrate from the support member without damage to the semiconductor device. Also disclosed herein is a system for implementing the invention.

Abstract: A large area photovoltaic device includes a plurality of photovoltaic regions electrically interconnected in parallel. The regions are defined by a plurality of conductive channels which establish electrical contact between a top transparent electrode of the device and a monolithic, metal substrate electrode. A second terminal of the device is provided by a bottom, metallic electrode disposed beneath the semiconductor body, and upon an electrically insulating layer which is supported upon the metallic substrate.

Abstract: A photovoltaic roofing shingle includes a strip of roofing material having an overlap portion, and a plurality of tab portions depending therefrom and separated by embossed inactive regions. Each of the tab portions includes a photovoltaic generating device affixed thereto. An encapsulating layer covers the top surface of each strip and wraps around the exposed and side edges. The photovoltaic devices are electrically interconnected, and each photovoltaic shingle member includes a hair of electrical terminals for delivering power from said photovoltaic devices. In use, the shingle members are affixed to a roof so that the tab portions of one row of shingles cover the overlap portion of an adjoining row. Electrical interconnection may be made through the roof to the inside of the building, or to a point atop the roof.

Abstract: An optically enhanced back reflector for a photovoltaic device includes a back reflector layer of aluminum having a multi-layered, reflectivity enhancement member deposed thereon. The multi-layer enhancement member includes at least one pair of first and second layers, the first layer having a low index of refraction and the second layer having a high index of refraction. A layer of transmissive conductive oxide is disposed between the optically enhanced back reflector and the photovoltaic device.

Abstract: A large area photovoltaic device includes a plurality of photovoltaic regions electrically interconnected in parallel. The regions are defined by through hole connections which establish electrical contact between a top transparent electrode and a monolithic metal substrate. A second terminal is provided by a bottom, metallic electrode disposed upon an electrically insulating layer supported on the metallic substrate.

Abstract: A photovoltaic roofing shingle includes a strip of roofing material having an overlap portion, and a plurality of tab portions depending therefrom. Each of the tab portions includes a photovoltaic generating device affixed thereto. The photovoltaic devices are electrically interconnected, and each photovoltaic shingle member includes a pair of electrical terminals for delivering power from said photovoltaic devices. In use, the shingle members are affixed to a roof so that the tab portions of one row of shingles cover the overlap portion of an adjoining row. Electrical interconnection may be made through the roof to the inside of the building, or to a point atop the roof.

Abstract: A monolithic array of photovoltaic devices includes a plurality of subcells electrically interconnected in a parallel relationship. The subcells are disposed upon a common, electrically conductive substrate and each includes an insulating region disposed upon the substrate and an electrode body disposed upon the insulating region. The subcells each include a photovoltaic semiconductor body disposed upon the electrode body and the array includes a continuous body of top electrode material disposed so as to cover each of the semiconductor bodies and to fill the space therebetween and establish electrical communication between the substrate and the semiconductor bodies. The substrate forms one terminal of the array and the conductive bodies are in electrical communication with a bus bar which forms the other terminal of the array. Also disclosed herein is a method for the fabrication of the array.

Abstract: A wireless, monolithic photovoltaic module. The module includes top and bottom, rectangular electrodes with a photovoltaic body and an adjacent insulating strip sandwiched in between the electrodes, the insulating strip being disposed proximate the edge of the bottom electrode. A bus bar overlies the insulating strip, but not the photovoltaic body, and is connected to a net of current carrying grid lines which overlie the photovoltaic body to form a current collector. A top encapsulating layer has diffractive grooves formed therein which overlie the grid lines to minimize shading effects otherwise caused by shadows from the grid lines.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell having a light-directing optical element integrally formed in an encapsulant layer thereof. The optical element redirects light to increase the internal absorption of light incident on the photovoltaic device.