Abstract: A method of cutting a material is provided. In one embodiment, the method includes providing a cutting tool having a number of teeth with a cutting frequency of at least 95 teeth-per-second; rotating the cutting tool at a rotational speed at or below 10,000 revolutions per minute; making a first cut in the material using a first tooth of the cutting tool, an amount of heat being conducted into the material; making a second cut in the material using a second tooth of the cutting tool, before the heat generated from the first cut dissipates from the material, wherein the heat softening the material that allows the second tooth to more easily cut the material.

Abstract: A method for cutting metal includes providing a rotating cutting tool and making a first cut in the material using a first tooth of the cutting tool, such that an amount of heat is conducted into the material. A second cut is made in the material using a second tooth of the cutting tool, before the heat dissipates from the material. The time between the first cut and the second cut is such that the heat softens the material and allows the second tooth to more easily cut the material.

Abstract: A modeling element and method of modeling deformation in a body is shown that reduces volumetric locking. Further, a modeling element and method has been shown that reduces computational complexity. The number of nodes per element is reduced, while still maintaining a reduction in constraints by utilizing a composite element. The modeling element is more amenable to adaptive meshing due to use of first-order elements. The modeling element includes a good aspect ratio in the parent element and sub-elements to improve accuracy and computational efficiency. Incorporating constant pressure on the parent element provides a more ideal constraint ratio.