Abstract: Disclosed is a method of treating non-keratinous fibers using a composition comprising an amide and/or alkyl ammonium carboxylate salt wherein the treating method improves the robust performance of the non-keratinous fibers and simultaneously maintains and/or improve the appearance or look such as color, shine, form, and shape of the fibers even after prolonged use. The method of protecting colored non-keratinous fibers from fading using the composition comprising an amide and/or alkyl ammonium carboxylate salt is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for coloring or bleaching a hair comprising steps of: (a) applying a first formulation comprising a hair coloring agent or bleaching agent in the hair and (b) applying to the hair a second formulation comprising a hair composition of an amide and/or an alkyl ammonium carboxylate salt. The amide can be a monoamide and/or a bisamide.

Abstract: A housing part for a measurement device includes a single metal body having an outer circumferential side wall with an upper end and a lower end and an inner disc-shaped base wall located between the upper and lower ends, wherein the side wall and the base wall define two partially enclosed areas, where the base wall comprises a central hole into which a microwave-permeable glass or ceramic window is fused, microwave guides and dielectric matching elements are provided on both sides of the microwave-permeable or ceramic window to propagate microwaves between the desired points such as a radar antenna and radar electronics, and where the matching elements not only adjust the impedance of the microwave window to the impedances of the microwave guides but also put additional compression stress on the surfaces of the fused window, which are preferably ground flat to be flush with those of the center portion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for coloring or bleaching a hair comprising steps of: (a) applying a first formulation comprising a hair coloring agent or bleaching agent in the hair and (b) applying to the hair a second formulation comprising a hair composition of an amide and/or an alkyl ammonium carboxylate salt. The amide can be a monoamide and/or a bisamide.

Abstract: A housing part for a measurement device includes a single metal body having an outer circumferential side wall with an upper end and a lower end and an inner disc-shaped base wall located between the upper and lower ends, wherein the side wall and the base wall define two partially enclosed areas, where the base wall comprises a central hole into which a microwave-permeable glass or ceramic window is fused, microwave guides and dielectric matching elements are provided on both sides of the microwave-permeable or ceramic window to propagate microwaves between the desired points such as a radar antenna and radar electronics, and where the matching elements not only adjust the impedance of the microwave window to the impedances of the microwave guides but also put additional compression stress on the surfaces of the fused window, which are preferably ground flat to be flush with those of the center portion.

Abstract: Processes for obtaining fatty acids with reduced content of by-products, wherein unrefined fats or oils are subjected to steam stripping in a counter-current column to produce a bottom fraction of de-acidified fats or oils, a first distillate consisting mainly of fatty acids and glycerides, and a second distillate comprising fatty acids and essentially all unwanted ketones, aldehydes and phenols, and the bottom fraction containing the de-acidified fats or oils is combined with the first distillate containing fatty acids and glycerides.

Abstract: Described is a process for simultaneously purifying fatty alcohols and obtaining a fraction of free fatty acids, wherein: (a) crude fatty alcohols comprising up to 70% b.w. alkyl esters and/or wax esters are treated with alkaline bases in an amount sufficient to essentially convert said esters into alkaline soaps, (b) said alkaline soaps are separated from said fatty alcohols by extraction to produce a purified fraction of fatty alcohols and an aqueous soap phase, and (c) said soap phase is treated with strong mineral acids in order to release the fatty acids from the soaps.

Abstract: Described is a process for simultaneously purifying fatty alcohols and obtaining a fraction of free fatty acids, wherein: (a) crude fatty alcohols comprising up to 70% b.w. alkyl esters and/or wax esters are treated with alkaline bases in an amount sufficient to essentially convert said esters into alkaline soaps, (b) said alkaline soaps are separated from said fatty alcohols by extraction to produce a purified fraction of fatty alcohols and an aqueous soap phase, and (c) said soap phase is treated with strong mineral acids in order to release the fatty acids from the soaps.

Abstract: Described are processes for obtaining fatty acids with reduced content of by-products, wherein: (a) unrefined fats or oils are subjected to steam stripping in a counter-current column to produce (i) a bottom fraction of de-acidified fats or oils, (ii) a first distillate consisting mainly of fatty acids and glycerides, and (iii) a second distillate comprising fatty acids and essentially all unwanted ketones, aldehydes and phenols; and (b) said bottom fraction (i) containing the de-acidified fats or oils and said first distillate (ii) containing fatty acids and glycerides are combined.

Abstract: Described is a process for obtaining fatty acid C1-C4 alkyl esters from unrefined fats and oils, wherein: (a) unrefined fats or oils having an acid value of from 1 to 20 are treated with hot steam in a counter-current column to provide a first fraction of free fatty acids and low boiling impurities and a second fraction of de-acidified and de-watered fats or oils; (b) said first fraction is subjected to esterification with lower C1-C4 alcohols to provide a third fraction of fatty acid C1-C4 alkyl esters; (c) said second and said third fraction are combined and subjected to a low pressure transesterification to provide an intermediate fraction of fatty acid C1-C4 alkyl esters, C1-C4 alcohols and glycerol; and (d) said intermediate is subjected to a separation process to remove C1-C4 alcohols and the glycerol to provide a second fraction of C1-C4 alkyl esters.

Abstract: An electromagnetic coil assembly is provided. The electromagnetic coil assembly includes a bobbin, a coil of magnet wire and a cover piece. The bobbin includes a hub, a first flange and a second flange. The hub has a longitudinal axis. The first and second flanges are spaced axially from each other. The hub and flanges together define a circumferential bobbin channel. The bobbin is made from a material that is an electrical insulator. The coil of magnet wire is positioned around the hub in the circumferential bobbin channel. The magnet wire has first and second ends. The cover piece is self-supporting and is sized to extend circumferentially around the coil of magnet wire. The cover piece is resilient and exerts a compressive force radially inwardly on the coil of magnet wire.

Abstract: An electromagnetic coil assembly is provided. The electromagnetic coil assembly includes a bobbin, a coil of magnet wire and a cover piece. The bobbin includes a hub, a first flange and a second flange. The hub has a longitudinal axis. The first and second flanges are spaced axially from each other. The hub and flanges together define a circumferential bobbin channel. The bobbin is made from a material that is an electrical insulator. The coil of magnet wire is positioned around the hub in the circumferential bobbin channel. The magnet wire has first and second ends. The cover piece is self-supporting and is sized to extend circumferentially around the coil of magnet wire. The cover piece is resilient and exerts a compressive force radially inwardly on the coil of magnet wire.

Abstract: This patent describes a platform structure, which can be used either as a stand-alone unit, or as part of the body of a wheeled vehicle such as a trailer. As part of the body of a trailer its multipurpose feature allows the trailer to be easily converted into different modes of usage including: an extended platform, a flat-bed trailer with side walls, an open-top utility box trailer, or a compact highway trailer. The highway trailer, with a compactly collapsed body equipped with a cargo-rack, is intended to offer the best possible towing performance at highway speed. The cargo-rack has a screen enclosure for the containment of small or loose cargo items. When used as a stationary platform, said structure has a center portion with adjustable leg assemblies that can support and level the entire structure above the ground. Side sections are cantilevered on opposite sides of the center portion to form extensions to the main platform area.

Abstract: A structure and method which substantially reduce the number of run-in substrates that have to be used in a high temperature (550° C. or greater) processing environment is presented. A barrier to conductive heat transfer is provided between a process gas distribution faceplate and its process chamber support. This allows the gas distribution faceplate to thermally float and substantially reduces the temperature transients in the faceplate, which can cause thermal (temperature) transients when wafer processing is begun. The present configuration uses a thermal separation assembly to substantially block conductive heat transfer to the cold processing chamber, by using a Vespel gasket or stainless steel washers and thereby reduces the thermal gradient experienced by the gas distribution faceplate. As a result of the improved thermal uniformity, the number of run-in wafer that need to be used is reduced by 80 to 95%.

Abstract: An erosion gauge tool for measuring the erosion of a movable contact in a circuit breaker having a stationary contact and movable contact, both of which are sealed in a housing. The movable contact is coupled to a drive insulator. An erosion mark is etched on the housing adjacent to the drive insulator. The erosion gauge tool has a handle, a tab, and a pointer. The tab is adapted to rest on the drive insulator. The pointer is disposed adjacent to erosion mark when said tab is resting on said drive insulator. As the moveable contact erodes, the pointer moves closer to the erosion mark. The erosion gauge is sized to indicate when the moveable contact needs to be replaced, e.g. when the pointer is immediately adjacent to or above the erosion mark.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optimized process for conditioning a stream of superheated steam laden with steam-volatile organic components by condensation of the steam phase with recovery of the heat of condensation and at least partial separation of the steam-volatile organic components from the water-based condensate. The process operates with a first heat exchange stage in which the continuously introduced vapor stream is combined with a circulated and cooled liquid stream of condensed vapors. In a following second energy transfer stage, heat is indirectly removed from the liquid stream thus heated. A sidestream is removed from the liquid circuit of the condensed vapors and subjected to separation in a membrane process while the rest of the liquid stream is returned to the first stage.