Abstract: An illustrative device for creating images based on ultrasonic pulses comprises an ultrasonic transducer configured to transmit and receive ultrasonic pulses; and a mirror comprising at least two facets configured to reflect the ultrasonic pulses, wherein the mirror is configured to rotate. The ultrasonic transducer and the mirror are positioned in a probe head. A first facet of the mirror reflects the ultrasonic pulses from the ultrasonic transducer during a first range of rotation of the mirror and a second facet of the mirror reflects the ultrasonic pulses from the ultrasonic transducer during a second range of rotation of the mirror.

Abstract: An illustrative device for creating images via ultrasonic pulses comprises an electronics chamber and a probe head. The electronics chamber comprises a motor with an output shaft. The probe head is attached to the electronics chamber. The probe head includes a liquid-filled chamber that comprises an ultrasonic transducer configured to transmit and receive ultrasonic pulses and a mirror configured to reflect the ultrasonic pulses. The mirror is configured to rotate. The output shaft of the motor and the mirror are rotationally coupled.

Abstract: Zinc electrodes for use in batteries, the electrode containing an organic gelling agent, an organic binding agent, calcium zincate and an electro-active element. A method of manufacturing such electrodes, and use of such electrodes in primary and secondary batteries.

Abstract: Methods of forming an air electrode of a metal-air battery are provided. One method includes forming a plurality of layers of the air electrode. The plurality of layers include an active layer and a gas diffusion layer. Forming at least one of the active layer or the gas diffusion layer includes forming a first sublayer having a first concentration of a first material and forming a second sublayer having at least one of a second concentration of the first material that differs from the first concentration or a second material that differs from the first material. In another embodiment, a method includes forming a layer of an air electrode such that a gradient of a material is formed in at least a portion of the layer by varying a concentration of the material deposited between a first portion of the layer and a second portion of the layer.

Abstract: A method of forming an air electrode of a metal-air battery includes forming at least a portion of the air electrode using a process selected from the group consisting of screen printing, spray printing, spin coating, and dip coating.

Abstract: A method of forming an air electrode of a metal-air battery includes forming a plurality of layers of the air electrode. The plurality of layers include an active layer and a gas diffusion layer. Forming the active layer includes forming a plurality of blank portions in a sublayer of the active layer for venting gases to the gas diffusion layer.

Abstract: A method of charging a metal-air battery is provided. The method of charging a metal-air battery includes charging the metal-air battery using a charge profile. The method further includes applying a pulse charge to the metal-air battery. The method further includes returning to charging the metal-air battery using the charge profile after the pulse charge has been applied.

Abstract: A method of charging a metal-air battery is provided. The method comprises charging the metal-air battery using one of constant current charging or constant voltage charging during a first portion of a charging cycle. The method further comprises detecting the occurrence of a condition. The method further comprises charging the metal-air battery using the other of the constant current charging or constant voltage charging during a second portion of the charging cycle after detecting the occurrence of the condition.

Abstract: A metal-air battery includes a metal electrode, an air electrode, and at least one of an ionic liquid and a deep eutectic solvent provided within the metal-air battery. The ionic liquid and/or deep eutectic solvent may be provided at one or more locations within the battery, such as in a liquid electrolyte, within a polymeric separator, blended within a polymeric material, within the structure of the air electrode, or elsewhere.

Abstract: A method of producing all or a portion of an air electrode for a metal-air battery includes forming at least a portion of the air electrode using a process selected from the group consisting of an injection molding process and a screw extrusion process. This process may be used to form a gas diffusion layer of the air electrode, and active layer of the air electrode, or both. The air electrode may use polyethylene and/or polypropylene as a binder material in all or a portion of the air electrode.

Abstract: A metal-air battery includes a metal anode including at least one of zinc, aluminum, magnesium, iron, and lithium. The metal-air battery also includes an ion exchange material provided within the battery for controlling material transport within the battery. The ion exchange material may be provided at one or more locations within the battery, including within an air electrode, within a material coupled to the air electrode, as a separate film or membrane, within pores of a polymeric separator, or elsewhere.

Abstract: A metal-air battery includes an air electrode and a siloxane material proximate to or incorporated within the air electrode. A method is also disclosed that includes providing a siloxane material, providing a transfer layer, and co-extruding the siloxane material with the transfer layer to form a siloxane membrane. The siloxane membrane may be used in a metal-air battery.

Abstract: A metal-air flow battery is provided that comprises a tank configured to contain an anode paste material; a reaction tube in fluid communication with the tank, the reaction tube comprising an air electrode, an outer surface configured to allow air to enter the reaction tube, and an internal passage; and a mechanism for moving the anode paste material through the internal passage of the reaction tube.

Abstract: A metal-air battery or fuel cell comprising a metal or metal hydride anode, an aqueous liquid electrolyte containing an ion conducting material, and an air electrode which allows ingress and egress of oxygen and which contains one or more catalysts capable of evolution and/or reduction of oxygen, wherein the air electrode has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic pores, the hydrophilic pores are at least partially filled with aqueous liquid electrolyte and the air electrode and/or the electrolyte comprises hygroscopic material and OH? ions, whereby water vapour exchange with the environment is limited. The hygroscopic material is used to control the humidity of the system.

Abstract: Air electrodes for secondary metal-air batteries or secondary metal hydride-air batteries, in particular, bifunctional air electrodes that can undergo oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution with high reaction rates. A method of manufacturing such electrodes.

Abstract: The invention described concerns an anode electrode comprising a hydrogen storage material/alloy and a high energy density metal. In addition a hydrogen electrocatalyst may be added to increase the hydrogen reaction rate. The high energy density metal is selected from a group consisting of Al, Zn, Mg and Fe, or from a combination of these metals. A method of production of an electrode comprising a hydrogen storage alloy and a high energy density metal is also described. The method comprises sintering or binding a high energy density metal powder and/or hydrogen storage alloy into at least one thin street, and calendaring or pressing said sheet forming the electrode. The anode electrode may be used in metal hydride batteries and metal air fuel cells.

Abstract: A method for the production of a gas diffusion electrode is described, and especially a method for producing a plastic bounded thin gas diffusion electrode with high catalytic activity for the oxygen or the hydrogen reaction. The method comprising the following steps: agglomerating a powder mixture with PTFE particles in a dry form to produce a dry agglomerate; adding an organic solvent to the dry agglomerate to produce a paste; calendering the paste into a thin sheet with a thickness less than 1 mm, to form an active layer or gas diffusion layer, in which one or both contain a current collector; and combining said active layer and said gas diffusion layer to form the gas diffusion electrode. The gas diffusion electrode thus produced may be used for example in fuel cells, metal-air batteries or membranes.

Abstract: Zinc electrodes for use in batteries, the electrode containing an organic gelling agent, an organic binding agent, calcium zincate and an electro-active element. A method of manufacturing such electrodes, and use of such electrodes in primary and secondary batteries.